BIOL 1201 Lecture : Pre Lecture Notes

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Document Summary

Cell reproduction: division of the nucleus, karyokinesis (mitosis, meiosis, division of the cytoplasm, cytokinesis, division of the nucleus and cytoplasm do not always have to occur together, they occur threw completely different mechanisms. Mitosis: produces identical daughter cells/nuclei, daughter cells/nuclei are identical to each other, prophase. In humans, this number= 23: ploidy refers to- the number of sets of chromosomes, haploid= 1 set (1n, diploid= 2 sets (2n, triploid= 3 sets (3n, fairly rare, tetraploid= 4 sets (4n) Homologous chromosomes: same length, same centromere position, same banding pattern, *same genes, but not necessarily the same form of the gene. Information (dna sequence) leading to a particular characteristic: one form of a gene, different forms of a gene. Linked genes are fundamentally different from unlinked genes. In terms of how they behave and how they behave in meiosis: normally in meiosis, alleles for different genes assort independently from one another.

Related Questions

Match the term with its correct definition or explanation.

Chromatin

Homologous Chromosomes

Sister chromatids

Diploid

Interphase

S Phase

Synapsis

Crossing Over

Cell Plate

Cleavage Furrow

A. The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

B. The pairing or tight association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. Results in the formation of a tetrad.

C. Non-identical copies of the same chromosome. Present in all diploid cells, even before replication. These chromosomes are the same length and contain genes for the same characteristics, but may have different alleles for each gene. D.

The period of the cell cycle that includes G1, S phase, and G2. E. A structure that develops during cytokinesis in plants.

F. Condensed chromosomes.

G. An invagination that develops during cytokinesis in animal cells.

H. When an organism has two copies of every chromosome (2n).

I. Two identical copies of a chromosome. These are only present after DNA replication.

J. The phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.