BISC 132 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Antigen, Phagocytosis, Macrophage
19 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Reduced airflow into and out of alveoli. Loss of flexibility of alveolar walls leads to their breakdown. Fewer functioning alveoli means less efficient breathing. Tumors in walls or large bronchi constrict airways. Blood is comprised of plasma, blood cells, platelets. Produced from stem cells in bone marrow. Erythropoietin signals for red blood cell creation. Leukocytes (white blood cells) are involved in the immune system. Clotting: platelets stick to the wound, forming a plug, signal for formation of fibrin from fibrinogen, fibrin traps red blood cells and holds together clot, as wound heals, clot dissolves. Fish have a single-loop circulatory system: heart gills body heart. Mammals, reptiles, and birds have fully-divided four-chamber hearts: blood in body/head gives oxygen to surrounding tissue. Many causes, not all are completely understood. Deposits of fatty materials, cholesterol, fibrin, and/or cell debris along walls. Death of cells in heart due to lack of oxygen/blood. Death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen/blood.
