POL SCI 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Expressive Aphasia, Agnosia, Optical Microscope
31/08/2020
BRAIN FUNCTIONNING – TUTORIAL 1 – GROUP 2
Sonja Kotz is the coordinator / tutor of the tutorial meeting – notify him in case of absence
Zoom link => always the same, see canvas <<zoom section>> ID 926 5287 6384
Google drive => https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1h6NrG6wQLZt10kVg8rlOu4foEqpwOnwb
Each meeting – 5mins presentation of the FUN articles: The presentation has to be no more than 3 slides,
only the MAIN points
Article: Ten simple rules for reading a scientific paper
https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008032
-Benefits from reading scientific literature is to open to success, identify own research questions, filling
gasps
-10 steps
Summary:
-> Don’t look for the story but also the statistical evidence and results
-> Don’t make assumptions only by the way the writer expressed himself
-> Always verify the statistical evidence/results with the discussion and abstract part
I HAVE TO READ THE ARTICLES FOR 3/09/20
I’m with Lucy for 1st presentation – 1st article of FUN READINGS task one
Lucy: 0034637647746
The FUN READING articles in this TASK were centered to point out the importance of
functionality and connectivity between brain regions
But also add that the way brain regions are able to work as individual parts, they mostly
work as a network
TASK 1: A MATTER OF APPROACH
Essential Reading notes:
1. How has neuropsychological research changed over time?
2. What are the key objectives and methodologies of Neuropsychology?
3. What is network science and how can it be used to study brain functioning?
4. How are brain networks relevant for understanding brain disorders?
1- LURIA: Neuropsychology in the local diagnosis of brain damage.
https://www.marxists.org/archive/luria/works/1964/neuropsych-brain-damage.pdf
BROCA= disease of the anterior parts of the lower frontal convolution of the left hemisphere =>
destruction of motor speech – Broca’s area or anterior speech area
WERNICKE= impairment of the posterior third of the upper temporal convolution of the left
hemisphere =>defect of understanding of speech – Wernicke’s area or posterior speech area
-APRAXIA-
There began the study of OPTICAL AGNOSIA which was looked on as a sign of impairment in the
occipital area, the study of apraxia which after Liepmann’s work became the basis for the diagnosis
of impairment in the parietal area
-ALEXIA-
The study of alexia, agraphia and acalculia was widely used in the clinic as symptoms of local brain
damage
After KLEIST -> significance attributed even to general changes as the disturbance of mental activity
or character changes
HUGHLINGS JACKSON (= Broca’s contemporary and his opponent)
=> A disturbance of higher cortical functions should be regarded as a regression of functional
organization on a lower level rather than as the result of a lesions of circumscribed local parts of the
brain AND
=> The entire interpretation of symptoms evoked by local brain damage must be regarded from this
much more integrative and dynamic position
A similar position by MONAKOW
- doubts about the possibility of using disturbances of the higher cortical processes for topical
diagnosis of brain damage.
-<<ASEMIA>> = disturbance of complex symbolic functions may occur even when the most widely
distributed parts of the brain are damaged / therefore even if there is a wide space in-between or some
parts of the brain are really far, it is possible that disturbance of complex symbolic functions is
occurred
ALSO, agnosia or apraxia may be encountered both in the presence od centers located in the parietal –
occipital regions and of centers located in the frontal region
SO boundary between
1) elementary neurological symptoms (disturbance of sensation, movement, tonus, visual field) –
sharp local significance
Document Summary
Brain functionning tutorial 1 group 2. Sonja kotz is the coordinator / tutor of the tutorial meeting notify him in case of absence. Zoom link => always the same, see canvas <> id 926 5287 6384. Each meeting 5mins presentation of the fun articles: the presentation has to be no more than 3 slides, only the main points. Article: ten simple rules for reading a scientific paper https://journals. plos. org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10. 1371/journal. pcbi. 1008032. Benefits from reading scientific literature is to open to success, identify own research questions, filling gasps. > don"t look for the story but also the statistical evidence and results. > don"t make assumptions only by the way the writer expressed himself. > always verify the statistical evidence/results with the discussion and abstract part. I have to read the articles for 3/09/20. I"m with lucy for 1st presentation 1st article of fun readings task one.
