GEOLOGY 002 Lecture 21:
Document Summary
Learning grammar: learning grammar and learning words are interdependent, grammatical knowledge = knowledge of rules competence, grammatical ability = use of grammar in written and spoken discourse performance. Explicit: obvious and direct approach, focussed on form, distinction: Inductive (learners deduce rules by themselves: explicit grammar teaching is necessary for successful language acquisition, but: there have to be communicative needs. Implicit: communicative and indirect approach, learners concentrate on meaning and learn rules incidentally, e. g. through ritualised language. Spoken language: differs partly from written language, should be taught and assessed accordingly. Preface-head-tail-structures (topic, phrase, question): north and south. Grammar teaching in textbooks: not based on theoretical rationale, density and pace often overwhelming, predominant focus on explicit grammar not helpful for some students. Isolated lessons on grammar might not encourage and motivate learners. Five principles of grammar teaching [focus on form: three dimensional grammar model. Grammar should be taught in connection with genres. E. g. describing an image: from known to new.
