PSYC 350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Thiamine, Brain Damage, Frontal Lobe
9 May 2018
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PSYC 350
April 24, 2018
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): DSM-5
• Treatments:
o Stimulants
â–Ş Ritalin/Concerta (methylphenidate), Adderall/Vyvanse, Strattera
o Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), behavior therapy (BT)
â–Ş Idea is to train kids in the skills that they tend to lack
â–Ş Kids with ADHD lack the skills of organization and motivation
o Omega-3
o Exercise
â–Ş For some people, exercise is like getting a stimulant. After exercise some
experience 4-6 hours of focus time
o Light therapy
o Restricted diet (avoid processed foods, eat whole foods)
o Meditation
o However, some bad side effects of these stimulants are anxiety, insomnia, which
as we know often can lead to worse things like depression
o Not great evidence that medications help in the long run
• Largest study ever made was on ADHD
o Kids were tested by either giving stimulants, CBT/BT, or both a stimulant and
CBT/BT
o Within the first year and a half kids who were given stimulants, parents reported
their child to be more calm and focused compared to kids who were just given
CBT/BT or no treatment at all
o However, 8 years out, the results patient’s results were all at the same location
Substance Abuse
• DSM-4 had two separate categories of substance use disorders
o Substance Dependence
▪ “addiction” – biologically and neurologically dependent on a substance
â–Ş involves physiological dependence, withdrawal symptoms
▪ use is frequent, interferes with functioning, but they can’t stop using it
o Substance Abuse
â–Ş Less severe than dependence
â–Ş Use is typically sporadic, but causes functional impairment
• DMS-5 Combines Dependence and Abuse
• Anything that is messing with your stream of memories is at a questionable abuse status
o Actually alcohol is said to be the most toxic substance
o Marijuana is much less toxic in general than alcohol. Not that it is safe but
alcohol devastates so many lives it is much more toxic
• Lifetime Prevalence of substance-related diagnoses:
o Nicotine 24%
