HIST 11051 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Dream Interpretation, Taoism, Spirit Possession
28 Apr 2019
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In 1500, christianity was mostly limited to europe. Small communities in egypt, ethiopia, southern india, and central asia. Serious divisions within christianity (roman catholic vs. eastern orthodox) On the defensive against islam loss of the holy land by 1300 fall of constantinople to the ottomans in 1453: ottoman siege of vienna in 1529, western christendom fragmented: the protestant reformation, protestant reformation began in 1517. Martin luther posted the ninety-five theses, asking for debate about ecclesiastical abuses. Luther"s was one of many criticisms of the roman church. Luther"s protest was more deeply grounded in theological difference. Questioned the special role of the clerical hierarchy (including the pope) Luther"s ideas provoked a massive schism in catholic christendom. Some monarchs used luther to justify independence from the papacy. Gave a new religious legitimacy to the middle class. Commoners were attracted to the new religious ideas as a tool for protest against the whole social order.
