ANTH 9 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Kingdom Of Mapungubwe, Kraal, Bantu Languages
16 Aug 2020
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What factors caused socio-political complexity: schroda (zizo capital): elephants attracted the people to the area = evidence of ivory. Trade = presence of glass beads, figurines, ivory. Power: settlement size (largest zizo settlement in the shashe limpopo at this point in time). Produced largest amount of ivory and glass beads important site. Exposed large cache of figurines centralization of ritual power. Smaller sites with zizo material culture schroda is at the top (level 3), with some level 1 and 2 settlements. 900 ad: new group comes into the valley who are also making ceramics (leopard"s. Where did the schroda people go: migrated into north eastern botswana to establish a new state (huffman) and argues that some of the zizo people became subordinates under the leopards kopje people. Contemporary with k2 they were under the new groups. K2 then becomes the centre of power: the largest leopards kopje site at this time. Evidence of glass beads (more than other sites).
