ECON 1012 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Factor Cost, Gross National Product, Potential Output
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Measuring gdp and economic growth: gdp defined. Gdp, or gross domestic product: is the market value of the final goods and services produced within a country in a given time period. Market value: to measure the greater total production between items, gdp values items at their market values-the prices at which items are traded in markets, by using market prices to value production, the items are added together. For example, if the price of an apple is 10 cents, then the market value of 50 apples is . 20 cents, then the market value of 100 oranges is . Therefore, the market value of 50 apples and 100 oranges is plus , or . Final goods and services: to calculate gdp, we value the final goods and services produced, a final good (or service) is an item that is bought by its final user during a specified time period.
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Real versus nominal GDP
Consider a simple economy that produces two goods: apples and oranges. The following table shows the prices and quantities for the goods over a three-year period.
Year |
Apples
|
Oranges
|
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Price | Quantity | Price | Quantity | |
(Dollars per apple) | (Number of apples) | (Dollars per orange) | (Number of oranges) | |
2010 | 1 | 120 | 1 | 195 |
2011 | 2 | 130 | 4 | 195 |
2012 | 4 | 130 | 4 | 145 |
A. Use the information from the previous table to fill in the following table.
Year | Nominal GDP | Real GDP | GDP Deflator |
---|---|---|---|
(Dollars) | (Base year 2010, Dollars) | ||
2010 | |||
2011 | |||
2012 |
B. From 2011 to 2012, change in nominal GDP is __________, and real GDP is ________.
C. The inflation rate in 2012 was ____________.
D. Why is real GDP a more accurate measure of an economy's production than nominal GDP?
a. Real GDP does not include the value of intermediate goods and services, but nominal GDP does.
b. Real GDP includes the value of exports, but nominal GDP does not.
c. Real GDP is not influenced by price changes, but nominal GDP is.
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