RIU 330 Lecture Notes - Lecture 73: Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Tay–Sachs Disease, Delirium Tremens
10 Nov 2020
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Vitamin b 12 deficiency (uncoordinated movements, sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, signs of spinal cord disease, abnormal gait, psychiatric symptoms) Progressive mental deterioration, loss of memory, inability to concentrate, irritability. Atrophy of cortical parts of frontal and temporal parts of brain. Disease of older people (> 70 years) Dementia: progressive loss of cognitive functions; functional decline (loss of memory predominates) Brain appears atrophic; shows narrowing of gyri, widening of sulci. Deposition of amyloid in neuritic plaques, wall of cerebral vessels. Decreased number of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Disturbances of movement, primarily tumor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability. Significant number of patients become depressed; about 10% develop dementia. Atrophy of cortex, subcortical nuclei; most prominently in caudate, putamen. First symptoms do not appear before midlife. Most become mentally incapacitated by 50-60 years old. Motor weakness, progressive wasting of muscles in extremities (small hand muscles) Loss of motor neurons in spinal cord, midbrain, cerebral cortex. Loss of lateral cerebrospinal pathways in spinal cord.
