PSYC 1102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Eardrum, Olfactory Epithelium, Oval Window
Depth Perception;
➢ Binocular
o Retinal disparity
▪ Difference between retinal image of each eye.
▪ The closer the object is, the greater the retinal disparity.
➢ Monocular
o Cues (one eye)
▪ Linear perspective—parallel lines appear to converge in the distance.
▪ Texture gradients—progressive change in texture.
▪ Relative size—smaller image=further away (vice versa.)
▪ Interposition—closer objects block view of farther objects.
▪ Relative height in image—objects lower on horizon are closer.
▪ Clarity—closer objects appear clearer.
Depth and Motion Perception;
“Spinning Lady Illusion”
- No depth cues
- Brain perceives motion in a particular direction
- Visual system tries makes sense of things
Hearing] Localizing sound:
1. Intensity=Louder the sound—closer. Softer the sound—farther.
2. Timing (when the sound arrives at the ear) 1/100,000 of a second. Small difference in time is
perceivable.
>Anything above 85db can cause long-term damage to the ear.
>Age-related hearing loss is inevitable.
-Hearing aids make it more likely that the ossicles, oval window, and ear drum vibrate
appropriately.
>Hearing loss can be accelerated by environmental factors.
Smell] (Olfaction) Olfactory epithelium is the lining inside the nose that the receptor neurons
respond to chemicals in the air.
>350 types of odor receptors
>Replaces cells every 30-days
>DIRECT LINK to the hippocampus in the brain
Taste] (Gustation) Perception of taste stems from what taste buds are being activated by the
chemicals in food.
Papillae contains taste buds!
-Sense Receptors (Replaced ever 10-14 days)
>Sweet
>Sour
>Salty
>Bitter
>Umami (savory)
Japanese for “yummy”
Memory;
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Binocular: retinal disparity, difference between retinal image of each eye, the closer the object is, the greater the retinal disparity. Monocular: cues (one eye, linear perspective parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, texture gradients progressive change in texture, relative size smaller image=further away (vice versa. , relative height in image objects lower on horizon are closer, clarity closer objects appear clearer. Brain perceives motion in a particular direction. Visual system tries makes sense of things. Softer the sound farther: timing (when the sound arrives at the ear) 1/100,000 of a second. >anything above 85db can cause long-term damage to the ear. Hearing aids make it more likely that the ossicles, oval window, and ear drum vibrate appropriately. >hearing loss can be accelerated by environmental factors. Smell] (olfaction) olfactory epithelium is the lining inside the nose that the receptor neurons respond to chemicals in the air. >direct link to the hippocampus in the brain.
