BIOL-103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Nitrogenous Base, Kinetic Energy, Anabolism
2 Jan 2017
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Sometimes, in a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally. This is because of electronegativity, the ability of atoms to attract electrons: ex. The atoms are attracted because of the + and charges this creates. Polar molecule- molecule with regions of positive and negative charge. Hydrophilic- (cid:862)(cid:449)ater lo(cid:448)i(cid:374)g(cid:863) -> polar, dissolve in water. Hydrophobic effect- the molecules arrange themselves to minimize contact with water ex. droplets. Aqueous- watery ph- measure of the concentration of protons in a solution ph = -log[h+] Functional groups: ph < 7 -> acidic (freshwater) ph = 7 -> neutral (pure water, most cells) ph > 7 -> basic: hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, amino, phosphate. Light + co2 + h2o -> sugar + o2 + atp. Plants are both phototrophs and autotrophs, or photoautotrophs. Cells harness energy from the sun and/or chemical compounds and convert it into a usable molecule called adenosine triphosphate. Chemotrophs- organisms that derive their energy from organic molecules like glucose.
