ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Barter, Capital Market

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22 Dec 2020

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Barter: when people directly exchange goods or services that they have for goods or services that they want without using money. Trade takes the form of barter when people directly exchange goods or services they have for goods or services they want. The circular-flow diagram is a model that represents the transactions in an economy by flows around a circle. Production and trade in an economy can be represented by the circular-flow diagram. Trade in physical things such as goods, services, labor, and raw materials flows in one direction. And the money that pays for these physical things flows in the opposite direction. Circular-flow diagram: represents the transactions in an economy by flows around a circle. Goods, services, labor, or raw materials in one direction. Flows of money that pay for these physical things in the opposite direction. Household: a person or a group of people that share their income. Firm: an organization that produces goods and services for sale.

Related Questions

What is the market for factors of production?

What is the market for factors of production?
1. The market for factors of production is where households and firms interact to trade factors of production for factor payments. For example this is where people provide firms with labor and firms pay them with wages.
What is the money market?
1. The money market is where households, firms, and the government may save and/or invest their money to earn interests. Money market includes banks, stock market, bonds market, and other financial institutions where economic actors can buy and sell financial assets to earn interests and/or dividends.
Who are the three economic actors in the circular flow model?
1. In a circular flow model, the three main economic actors are the households, firms, and the government. Households include the typical individual consumers. Firms include businesses and similar producers in the economy. Finally, the government refers to the whole government system from federal to local level.
How is the national income of an economy determined?
1. The national income of an economy is determined by measuring the total value of the output produced in an economy or the total income earned by the actors in the economy. In a circular flow model, we can see that the value of total output produced should equal the total value of income generated and earned in the economy. This is because every dollar spent by someone in the economy is received by another person in the economy as income.
What is GDP?
1. The gross domestic product or GDP represents the sum total of the value of the final goods and services produced within the economy for a given year. It is the most commonly used measure of its economy’s productivity and income.

There are many economic models to explain the macro-economies function. Adam Smith started the classic economic thinking with his laissez-faire theory. The classical foundation for the role of money supply in an economy started in the mid-1700s. In classic macroeconomics, money is used for transactions. If there is more money or less money in circulation then it means that the prices are higher or lower. The classic model dominated microeconomics and macroeconomics of 1800 and 1900. In the classic macroeconomic model, the role of money is that it is used for transactions. The classic role of money can be understood through the quantity theory of money. The quantity theory of money states that if there are changes in the price level, then there will be corresponding changes in the money supply. The equation for the quantity theory of money is: M * V = P * Q

In this equation,

M = Nominal money supply

V = Velocity of money

P = Average price level

Q = Quantity of goods and services sold

The average price times quantity of goods and services sold represents the nominal GDP. The velocity of money is the number of times a currency is spent during a year.

Say's Law states that supply creates its own demand. It means that the income that is derived from producing some goods by an individual, allows him to purchase goods produced by some other individual. Since everyone has a need to purchase goods, they will produce some goods to earn income and buy what they want. So, the product markets will always be in equilibrium.

Show an empirical study that tests the relative inflation and growth rates on the nominal exchange rates.

copperlouse565

21. The English word that comes from the Greek word for "one who manages a household" is

A- market
B- consumer
C- producer
D- economy

Question 22. 22. For a college student who wishes to calculate the true costs of going to college, the costs of room and board

A- should be counted in full, regardless of the costs of eating and sleeping elsewhere.
B- should be counted only to the extent that they are more expensive at college than elsewhere.
C- usually exceed the opportunity cost of going to college.
D- plus the cost of tuition, equals the opportunity cost of going to college.

Question 23. 23. The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that

A- most economies' production methods are not very good.
B- in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services.
C- governments restrict the production of too many goods and services.
D- resources are limited.

Question 24. 24. Central planning refers to

A- markets guiding economic activity. Today many countries that had this system have abandoned it.
B- markets guiding economic activity. Today many countries that did not have this system have implemented it.
C- government guiding economic activity. Today many countries that had this system have abandoned it.
D- government guiding economic activity. Today many countries that did not have this system have implemented it.

Question 25. 25. Senator Brown wants to increase taxes on people with high incomes and use the money to help the poor. Senator Johnson argues that such a tax will discourage successful people from working and will therefore make society worse off. An economist would say that

A- we should agree with Senator Brown.
B- we should agree with Senator Johnson.
C- a good decision requires that we recognize both viewpoints.
D- there are no tradeoffs between equity and efficiency.

Question 26. 26. Max and Maddy charge people to park on their lawn while attending a nearby craft fair. At the current price of $10, seven people park on their lawn. If they raise the price to $15, they know that only five people will want to park on their lawn. Whether they have seven or five cars parked on their lawn does not affect their costs. From this information, it follows that

A- they should leave the price at $10.
B- it does not matter if they charge $10 or $15.
C- they would do better charging $15 than $10.
D- they should raise the price even more.

Question 27. 27. A circular flow diagram is a model that

A- helps to explain how participants in the economy interact with one another.
B- helps to explain how the economy is organized.
C- incorporates all aspects of the real economy.
D- Both (a) and (b) are correct.

Question 28. 28. In the markets for goods and services in the circular-flow diagram,

A- households provide firms with savings for investment.
B- households provide firms with labor, land, and capital.
C- firms provide households with output.
D- firms provide households with profit.

Question 29. 29. Incomes of U.S. households in the 1970s and 1980s

A- grew rapidly, due to the widespread success of labor unions in pushing up wages during those decades.
B- grew rapidly, due to several increases in the minimum wage during those decades.
C- grew rapidly, due to government policies that discouraged the importation of foreign products during those decades.
D- grew slowly, due to the slow growth of the output of goods and services per hour of U.S. workers' time during those decades.

Question 30. 30. For economists, statements about the world are of two types:

A- assumptions and theories.
B- true statements and false statements.
C- specific statements and general statements.
D- positive statements and normative statements.

marooncat628

ECON 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Barter, Capital Market

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