BIOL 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Chromosome, Mendelian Inheritance, Sex Linkage
Document Summary
Explain the relationship between structure and behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis and inheritance of genes. Chromosome behaviour during meiosis leads to genetic variation, at two stages: during crossing over, when chromosomes randomly segregate and paternal and maternal chromosomes assort independently of each other. Explain the role of gamete formation and sexual reproduction in variability of offspring. Gametes form by meiosis, where recombination of genetic material takes place as a result of: the individual alleles of maternally and paternally derived chromosomes to assort independently. One cell undergoes two meiotic divisions to generate four haploid cells. The gene in each haploid cell are a new combination of parental genes. The new combination results from both crossing over and random segregation, allowing. Crossing over: crossing over of genetic material during meiosis results in the exchange. Random segregation: during meiosis, genes on different chromosomes sort. Random fertilisation: when a male and female, from two different gametes randomly of genes between chromosomes pairs.