NSCI 1321 Lecture 9: Periodic Table Trends

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Mendeleev"s periodic table generally organized elements by increasing atomic weight and with similar properties in columns. Periodic law states that when the elements are arranged by atomic number, their physical and chemical properties vary periodically. We will look in more detail at three physical properties of an atom: It is the maximum in the radial distribution function of the outer shell. Principal quantum number n, the larger in is the larger the orbital. Effective nuclear charge - the positive charge that an electron experiences from the nucleus. It is equal to the nuclear charge, but is reduced by shielding or screening from any intervening electron distribution. Because the shell number (n) is the same across a period, each successive atom experiences a stronger nuclear charge. Therefore, the size of the outermost orbital and the radius of the atom decreases with the increase in atomic number.

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