ANTH 1200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Gluteus Medius Muscle, Most Recent Common Ancestor, C4 Carbon Fixation
12 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Calcium carbonate found in marine shells climate proxy. Stable carbon isotope ratios in teeth, bones, soil, fecel matters, etc. 3 pathways for photosynthesis: c3 plants trees and shrubs make three carbon compound, c4 plants tropical grasses, cam (crassulacean adcid metabolism) cacti in dry arid areas (use c4 pathway at night). They tend to lose less carbon (intermediate ratio). Classic classification hominid: homo sapiens and our fossil ancestors = all bipedal hominoids. Genetic classification hominin: members of the tribe hominina within the subfamily hominini of the family hominidae. Hominin bipedalism: *muscles: gluteus medius and minimus (shifted more to the side, great apes (knuckle walkers) have a c-shaped/surved spine, humans s-shaped/curved spine (kyphosis and lordosis) Complexity & cognitive capacity - cognition and speech. Dependence on material culture increased tool use. Femur: humans: have a valgus angle allows knees to be right under the body"s center of gravity, apes: have straight femur.
