PSB-2000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Camillo Golgi, Multipolar Neuron, Axon Hillock
Document Summary
Gene knockouts: remove a gene to determine its role in an organism. Gene knock-ins: add a gene or substitute a different allele to determine its role in an organism. Optogenetics- precisely timed neuronal activation (or inactivation) Cells of the nervous system & neuroanalytical techniques: the nervous system is composed of 2 major categories of cells. 86-100 billion the basic unit of the nervous system. The nervous system is contiguous- neurons are separate cells. Neurons: specialized cells for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals. Morphology reflects function: major external features of a neuron. Cell on left conducts action potential from soma to terminal, then terminal releases chemicals that cross cleft and go to dendrites on cell on right: different from other cells in the body. Postmitotic (most don"t create new cells: similar to other cells in the body. Organelles, including plasma membrane: major internal features of a neuron. Neurotransmitters: the somas of neurons tend to cluster together.
