PCB-4024 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Nitrogenous Base, Cell Nucleus, Plasmid
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2 types: dna and rna: deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) a. i. A single dna molecule contains hundreds of genes and millions of nucleotides; the sequence of the nucleotides is the informative part a. ii. 1. There are about 3 billion bases in the human genome (compared to about 600,000 in a bacteria). a. ii. 2. Each human (linear) chromosomes have 51-245 million base pairs a. ii. 3. Genes (the bits that code for protein) comprise only about. There are 46 chromosomes in human somatic cells and 23 in sex cells (22 unique somatic chromosomes + 2 sex chromosomes). a. iii. In eukaryotes, dna is in nucleus or mitochondria/chloroplasts a. iv. 1. In mitochondria/chloroplasts dna is found as a circular plasmid a. iv. 2. In nucleus, dna is found as chromosomes a. v. In prokaryotes dna is in nucleoid. a. v. 1. plasmid: ribonucleic acid (rna) b. i. To access the info in dna< a single, complementary rna molecule is made. In eukaryotes, rna is found in nucleus and cytoplasm. b. iv. Polynucleotide structure: nucleotide has 3 parts: a. i.