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PHY 2020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Electric Charge, Charge Conservation, Electric Field

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lavenderpig501
30 Jan 2020
School
FGCU
Department
Physics
Course
PHY 2020
Professor
Fauerbach

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Document Summary

Electric charge is a property of matter. There are two kinds of charges- positive and negative (charge of an electron is negative and charge of proton is positive. ) Two positive or two negative charges repel each other. A positive and a negative charge attract each other. The particles of the atom are the negative electron, the positive proton, and the uncharged neutron. Protons and neutrons make up the tiny dense nucleus which is surrounded by electrons. The electric attraction between protons and electrons holds the atoms together. A neutral atom has the same number of protons as electrons. A positive ion is an atom with one or more electrons removed. A negative ion has gained one or more electrons. The proton and electron have the same magnitude of charge. The magnitude of charge of the electron or proton is a natural unit of charge. All observable amounts of charge is always an integer multiple of this basic unit.

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Related textbook solutions

Physics: Principles with Applications
7th Edition, 2013
Giancoli
ISBN: 9780321625922

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Related Questions

1.Two uncharged, conducting spheres, A and B, are held at rest oninsulating stands and are in contact. A positively charged rod isbrought near sphere A. While the rod is in place, the two spheresare separated. How will the spheres be charged, if at all, afterthey are separated?
Sphere A Sphere B
(a) positive positive
(b) positive negative
(c) negative positive
(d) negative negative
(e) zero zero

2. A charged conductor is brought near an uncharged insulator.Which one of the following statements is true?
(a) Both objects will repel each other.
(b) Both objects will attract each other.
(c) Neither object exerts an electrical force on the other.
(d) The objects will repel each other only if the conductor has anegative charge.
(e) The objects will attract each other only if the conductor has apositive charge.

3. An electron is moved from point A, where the electric potentialis VA = –240 V, to point B, where the electric potential is VB =–360 V. What is the change in the electric
potential energy?
(a) 1.92×10–17 J (b) 2.04×10–17 J (c) 5.75×10–17 J (d) 8.98×10–17 J(e) 1.05×10–16 J

4. A -2q charge is located a distance d to the right of a +4qcharge, along the x
axis. At which point (or points) along the axis does the electricfield go to zero? To
solve this problem, consider an observer at point P, which is anarbitrary distance x from the +4q charge. Find the value (orvalues) for x (in terms of the separation distance d) where thetotal electric field vanishes.
(a) The electric field is never zero in the vicinity of thesecharges.
(b) The electric field is zero at x = -0.328d.
(c) The electric field is zero at x = +4.22d.
(d) The electric field is zero at both x = -2.26d and x =+2.26d.
(e) The electric field is zero at x = +3.41d.

5. point A is a distance L away from a point charge Q. Point B is adistance 4L away from Q. What is the ratio of the electrostaticpotential at B to that at A, i.e., what is VB/VA?
(a) 1/16
(b) 1/9
(c) 1/4
(d) 1/3
(e) can not be determined without specifying Q and L

6. Which one of the following statements best explains why it ispossible to define an electric potential
in a region of space that contains an electric field?
(a) Work must be done to bring two positive charges closertogether.
(b) Like charges repel one another and unlike charges attract oneanother.
(c) A positive charge will gain kinetic energy as it approaches anegative charge.
(d) The work required to bring two charges together is independentof the path taken.
(e) A negative charge will gain kinetic energy as it moves awayfrom another negative charge.

Consider the possibility of a parallel (or perhaps orthogonal)Universe, also with two distinct charges, but one in which likecharges attract and unlike charges repel. The top picture in thequestion below shows a hydrogen atom from our Universe, in whichthe positive proton attracts a negative electron. The lower pictureshows a positive proton attracting a positive electron in theparallel Universe. (Incidentally, positive electrons can be createdin our Universe. They are a form of anti-matter called positrons.)Would the parallel Universe be different from ours if this were theonly difference? Explain your reasoning, giving an example of hownature would or would not be different.