PSY 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diffusion Mri, Frontal Lobe
Axon
Part of the neuron that transmits signals from the cell body to the synapse at the end of the axon.
Brain imaging
Techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography
(PET) that result in images of the brain that represent brain activity. In cognitive psychology, activity is
measured in response to specific cognitive tasks.
Broca's aphasia
A condition associated with damage to Broca's area, in the frontal lobe, characterized by difficulty in
using speech to express thoughts, but with a remaining facility for understanding speech.
Broca's area
An area in the frontal lobe associated with the production of language.
Cell body
Part of a cell that contains mechanisms that keep the cell alive. In some neurons, the cell body and the
dendrites associated with it receive information from other neurons.
Cerebral cortex
The 3-mm-thick outer layer of the brain that contains the mechanisms responsible for higher mental
functions such as perception, language, thinking, and problem solving.
Cognitive neuroscience
Field concerned with studying the neural basis of cognition.
Dendrites
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Structures that branch out from the cell body to receive electrical signals from other neurons.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
A technique, based on detection of how water diffuses along the length of nerve fibers, for tracing nerve
pathways and determining connections.
Distributed representation
Occurs when a specific cognitive function activates many areas of the brain.
Double dissociation
A situation in which a single dissociation can be demonstrated in one person and the opposite type of
single dissociation can be demonstrated in another person (i.e., Person 1: function A is present, function
B is damaged; Person 2: function A is damaged, function B is present)
Extrastriate body area (EBA)
An area in the temporal cortex that is activated by pictures of bodies and parts of bodies, but not by
faces or other objects.
Feature detectors
Neurons that respond to specific visual features, such as orientation, size, or the more complex features
that make up environmental stimuli.
Frontal lobe
The lobe in the front of the brain that serves higher functions such as language, thought, memory, and
motor functioning.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
A brain imaging technique that measures how blood flow changes in response to cognitive activity. This
technique does not involve the injection of a radioactive tracer.
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Document Summary
Techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) and positron emission tomography (pet) that result in images of the brain that represent brain activity. In cognitive psychology, activity is measured in response to specific cognitive tasks. A condition associated with damage to broca"s area, in the frontal lobe, characterized by difficulty in using speech to express thoughts, but with a remaining facility for understanding speech. An area in the frontal lobe associated with the production of language. Part of a cell that contains mechanisms that keep the cell alive. In some neurons, the cell body and the dendrites associated with it receive information from other neurons. The 3-mm-thick outer layer of the brain that contains the mechanisms responsible for higher mental functions such as perception, language, thinking, and problem solving. Field concerned with studying the neural basis of cognition. Structures that branch out from the cell body to receive electrical signals from other neurons.
