IS 379 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Database, Unique Key, Data Modeling
System
Components that allow information to be captured, stored, processed and communicated
Information Technology (IT)
the hardware, software and media used to store, organize and communicate infomation
Information System(IS)
an organized combination of hardware, software, infrastructure, data and people is used to accomplish
a specific organization or personal objective.
Information Literacy
a person's ability to efficiently and effectively determine what information is needed and how to get it
Value of Information (VOI)
is "How much answering a question allows a decision-maker to improve decision outcome"
Spreadsheets
stores data value in cells, with multiple cells represented in a system of rows and columns.
Database
typically stores data values in tables. Each table has a name and one or more columns and rows.
row
in a table is called a record
column
in a table is called a field
SQL (structured query language)
is used to interact with the database, but is hidden through user from interface
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Use of Information in organization
communication
business processes
decision making
Business Process
is a collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a specific service or product
Algorithm
is a logical sequences of steps that follow in solving a distinct problem
Flowchart
is a diagram that provide a visual view of an algorithm or business process
Basic Flowchart sysmbols
square-step/task
triangle-decision
circle-start/end
arrow-flow
Data
facts, texts, graphics, sound, and video segments that have meaning in the users environment, once
organized in DBMS
Database Management System(DBMS)
is software that supports the creation and maintenance of databasese
Entitles
Entities are things we store information about(i.e. persons, places, events, ect)
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Entitles have relationships with other entitles(i.e. the entity Customer has a relationship with the entity
Order in a retailer's database)
Attributes
these are pieces of information about an entity (i.e. Student ID, Name, ect for the entity Student)
Field
Individual characteristics about an ENTITY. Fields are also called attributes or columns
Record
a group of fields or attributes to describe a single instance of an ENTITY. These are also called rows
Table
a collection of records or instances for a given Entity
Metadata
data that describes the properties or characteristics of other data (e.g the header of a table)
Relational Database
stores data in connected tables. Each table may correspond to an entity for which data needs to be
stored.
Data model
a formal graphical depiction of data that is either created or used by a business system (need not involve
computers, documentation)
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
is the commonly used data modeling technique
Primary Key
a unique attribute used to identify a single instance of an entity (i.e a single record in a table)
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