PSYC 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Diazepam, Personality Disorder, Avoidant Personality Disorder
28 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Anxiety - apprehension over an anticipated problem
Fear - reaction to immediate danger
Fear - high arousal, negative valence
Sad - low arousal, negative valence
Bored - low arousal, neutral valence
There are 6/7 basic emotions - Paul Eckman
These have an identifiable signature that is embedded in our physiology and are cross-culturally
recognizable
Components of Emotion:
Behavioral - Emotions are "action tendencies" that motivate specific patterns of
behavior such as fear of midterm or a sudden attack, its subjective
Cognitive - cognitive schemas guide our appraisals and attributions of events and people
in the world
Physiological - "automatic" physiological responses to environmental stimuli contribute
to how we experience and interpret them - James Lange
Fear (Immediate focused)
Basic and core emotion shared with other animals
Fear is productive
Behavioral - flee, flight
Cognitive - "gonna die"
Physio - racing HR
Anxiety is when you are not in imminent danger but you are acting as you are
You can generate a stress response based on a simulated threat
Mower's two factor model:
Through classical conditioning - learns to fear
oDirect experience of fear
oModeling - fear because saw it happen to someone else, on a video
oVerbal instruction - hearing someone warn them against the fear
Through operant conditioning - avoidance is maintained through reinforcement
People with panic disorder sustain classically conditioned fears longer
Anxiety (future focused)
Maladaptive
Not productive, involves a lot of rumination
Behavioral - avoid
Cognitive - worry or ruminate out of control
Physio - HPA
Anxiety disorders are disorders that take on a chronic pattern
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: anxiety can attach itself to any topic, always come up with
something to worry about. Don't have the ability to produce rational thought while worrying
Obsessive compulsive disorder: Engage intrusive thoughts, mental images, and/or
engage in ritualistic behavior to relieve the anxiety
Specific phobia: scared of a specific object
Social phobia: phobia of people's judgement and shame
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Panic disorder & PTSD: include fear but share symptoms with
HPA axis plays a big role in anxiety disorders
People with higher neuroticism scores have higher cortisol levels when they wake up
After stressing rats out, you can block this behavior by blocking corticotropin releasing
hormone
Overactive amygdala leads to higher cortisol secretion - seen with most anxiety
disorders such as PTSD, social anxiety, specific anxiety
Homeostasis - maintaining necessary internal environment under normal conditions
Stress: acute strain on the system that can disrupt homeostasis
Allostasis - maintain homeostasis in the face of stress
Allostatic Load: strain on the system due to need for allostasis
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Worry - cognitive tendency to chew on a problem and be unable to let go of it
Constant state of tension
Scanning for threats or for things to go wrong
Indecisiveness stemming from worry
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance
Second guessing
Rumination
An aggregate picture of anxious apprehension
Prevalence rate: ~3% 1 year, 6% lifetime
2:1 Female > Male
Physical symptoms bring people into the clinic
Panic Attack:
Sudden attack of intense apprehension, terror, and feelings of impending doom
4 or more of the symptoms, intensely, at the same time and reaching highest intensity
within 10 mins. Thus, quite shortlived
oChest pain/discomfort
oTrembling/shaking
oLightheadedness/dizzy/faint
oShortness of breath/smothered
oFear of losing control/going crazy
oNausea
oChills or hot flashes
oPalpitations/heart pounding
oPsychologically - feeling afraid and being unaware of what is happening with you
One panic attack does not determine whether you have/will have panic disorder
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
There are 6/7 basic emotions - paul eckman. These have an identifiable signature that is embedded in our physiology and are cross-culturally recognizable. Behavioral - emotions are "action tendencies" that motivate specific patterns of behavior such as fear of midterm or a sudden attack, its subjective. Cognitive - cognitive schemas guide our appraisals and attributions of events and people in the world. Physiological - "automatic" physiological responses to environmental stimuli contribute to how we experience and interpret them - james lange. Basic and core emotion shared with other animals. Anxiety is when you are not in imminent danger but you are acting as you are. You can generate a stress response based on a simulated threat. Through classical conditioning - learns to fear o o o. Modeling - fear because saw it happen to someone else, on a video. Verbal instruction - hearing someone warn them against the fear. Through operant conditioning - avoidance is maintained through reinforcement.
