PSYC 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Positron Emission Tomography, Solitude, Rorschach Test
28 Jun 2018
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Reliability - Consistency of measurement
Interrater reliability: Degree to which two independent observers agree on what they have
observed
Test-retest reliability: Degree to which the test yields same results for the same person. But
sometimes people remember answers from the last time they were tested. So researcher
administer "alternate-form reliability" to see how consistent the results are
Internal consistency reliability: whether items on the test are related to each other
Validity - whether a measure measures what it is supposed to measure
Content validity: whether a measure adequately samples the domains of interest
Criterion validity: whether a measure is associated in an expected way with another measure
(criterion)
oConcurrent validity: if both these measures are measured at the same time
oPredictive validity: ability of the measure to predict some other variable
Construct validity: interpret a test as a measure of some other characteristic that isn't observed
No two patients have the same indications of a disorder
Etta and Bob - neither make a lot of sense but how do we distinguish between the two -> taxonomy
problem
The problem of diagnosis is a problem of classification
Taxonomy -> to classify species
Nosology -> for disorders, we get from expert consensus
Pure Categorical Approach -> You either have it or you don't
Flu has shared features with other conditions but it is very specific - you either have the strain of virus or
you do not. Leads to unique etiology, pathophysiology and a distinct treatment
For disorders -> same etiology and pathophysiology show up for all the disorders in a categorical
approach and thus, it leads to same treatment
Thus, these disorders cannot be described as pure categories
Dimensional Approach -> dimension in our cognitive ability, moods, behaviors - across and within people
This has a little more variability - it explores a spectrum of variability and expression of depressive
symptoms
In taking a dimensional approach, we take into account the different traits of the people - big five factor
model
This approach is probably most promoted in the context o f personality disorders
Guys with psychopathy -
Low on neuroticism
Low on agreeableness
Low of conscientiousness
High on extraversion
Low on openness
Prototypical approach -> certain essential characteristics are required but there are also non core
characteristics to vary - 6 (or more) essential characteristics
Depression - 5 of 9 attributes where one has to be depressed mood or diminished interest or pleasure in
all activities
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Interrater reliability: degree to which two independent observers agree on what they have observed. Test-retest reliability: degree to which the test yields same results for the same person. But sometimes people remember answers from the last time they were tested. So researcher administer "alternate-form reliability" to see how consistent the results are. Internal consistency reliability: whether items on the test are related to each other. Validity - whether a measure measures what it is supposed to measure. Content validity: whether a measure adequately samples the domains of interest. Criterion validity: whether a measure is associated in an expected way with another measure (criterion) o o. Concurrent validity: if both these measures are measured at the same time. Predictive validity: ability of the measure to predict some other variable. Construct validity: interpret a test as a measure of some other characteristic that isn"t observed. No two patients have the same indications of a disorder.
