HLTH 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Primum Non Nocere, Margaret Harris, Kantianism

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Health 200
T/Th 2:30pm-3:45pm
Lisa DuPree, Jamie Hamblin, Dr. Margaret Harris
Tuesday, 2/13/18
1
Bioethis
There are 6 key principles: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, double-
effect, totality
Key theories: Utilitarianism and Kantianism
Encourages you to weight the consequences and consider your intent before acting
Principles
Autonomy
o Tends to take priority in all cases
o It is the freedom from control or influence
o The capacity we have for self-determination as rational beings (the ability to
make our own choices)
o “tarted ith the patiets’ rights oeet i the 96s: people thought
patients should be informed and involved in their own healthcare decisions
o Examples of autonomy in action: informed consent, right to refuse treatment,
advanced directives
Beneficence
o Act of doing good for someone else
o Healthcare practitioners will make reasonable sacrifices for patients
o Examples of beneficence in action: pain relief, due-care standards, on-call hours
Non-maleficence
o o-har
o acting with no intention of doing harm to patients (came from the values of
Hippocrates, Greek physician)
o Examples: IRBs, abortion, assisted suicide
Justice
o The principle that similar cases should be treated in similar ways
o Any exceptions must be justified
o Enforces the idea of equality (non-discriminatory)
o Distribution: social benefits and burdens, which includes medical resources,
must be distributed fairly
Double-Effect
o An action should be performed only if the intention is to bring about the good
effect and the bad effect will be an unintended or indirect consequence
o Conditions:
The action must be good or indifferent
The bad must not be the means by which the good is achieved
The motive for the action must be to achieve food only
Totality
o We should udergo o proedure that hars the ody’s totality uless the
procedure is medically necessary to preserve life
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