PSYCH 14 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Ugo Cerletti, Cesare Lombroso, Tricyclic Antidepressant
Document Summary
Biological approaches in the late 18th century the view of mental illness turned to biological and psychological explanations and treatment approaches followed suit. Biological approaches to mental illness considered heredity and infections as causal agents, resulted in classification systems for various disorders, and promoted physical treatment options. Heredity: benedict augustin morel, degeneration theory: deviations from normal functioning = hereditary. Cesare lombroso: shape of skull = criminality. Syndromes & classification: emil kraeplin, clinical psychiatry classify mental illnesses (1883) Infection: richard von krafft-ebbing, general paresis of the insane (gpi) might be the result of infection (syphilis spirochete) Somatogenesis theory or belief that all mental disorders would be found to be caused by biological factors - encouraged physical approaches to treatment. Ugo cerletti: ect electroconvulsive therapy, first for schizophrenia then better for depression. Chlorpromazine (antipsychotic) changed seriously disordered patients to manageable. 1950s mass discharge of mental patients into urban areas. Hypnotism: anton mesmer (1734 1815, hypnotism, animal magnetism, disturbed magnetic fluid in body.
