ECON 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: East Los Angeles College, Monopolistic Competition, Sales Promotion

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17 Jun 2020
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Problem: demand and cost characteristics of our pure monopolist are not representative of the public utilities. High setup costs and low operating costs. Average cost continues to decline until demand curve. Mc always below ac to market demand. Natural monopolies: a market situation in which the mes (minimum of the long-run average cost curve) of a single firm is at or beyond the entire market demand for the product. Unregulated utility wouldn"t charge highest price due to public"s wrath. Since p = mc, sets p & q where d & mc intersect. Problem: firm loses profit (must receive subsidy) Benefits-received principle: a pricing principle for public services, which says that citizens should pay for public services in accordance with the benefits they receive from them. Forces firms to sell at price and quantity where ac intersects demand curve. Softening competition: from collusion to effectively competitive markets.

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