BIOLOGY 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Drug Resistance, High Fidelity, Isoprene

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24 Dec 2020

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First person to discover bacteria- antonie van leewenhoek. Prokaryotes these are typically organisms with no nucleus or major organelles within their cell. Although they appear simple, they can be biochemically and structurally very complex. Eukaryotes these are organisms with nuclei and cellular organelles (sub- cellular components with specialized functions) such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and cilia. They include all animals, plants, fungi, and protists. Genomes of bacteria and archaea are smaller (fewer genes, less complexity and less dna) than those of eukaryotes. Bacteria are small, typically 1-20 m but some are quite large like epulopiscium fishelsoni ~750 m- species of gram-positive bacteria that have a symbiotic relationship with surgeonfish. Ernst haeckel- 1866 lebensbaum or tree of life - reflected the new darwinian notion that organisms are linked by common descent from a prokaryotic (monera) ancestor. The aristolean view of life as being either plant or animal was no longer valid.

Related Questions

Yellow seeds on a pea plant are an example of a/an ______.

Question 40 options:

element.

2)	phenotype.

3)	environmental factor.

genotype.

allele.

A plant that produces white flowers is crossed to a plant that produces orange flowers. All of the offspring produced white flowers. What can you conclude?

Question 41 options:

1)	Orange flower color is the dominant phenotype.

2)	White flower color is the dominant phenotype.

3)	The genes for flower color do not assort independently.

4)	The genes for flower color are on separate chromosomes.

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Question 42 (1 point)

What units are bonded together to make a strand of DNA?

Question 42 options:

Proteins

Enzymes

Cells

4)	Nucleotides

5)	Chromatids

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Question 43 (1 point)

Many modern-day trees are tall because ______.

Question 43 options:

1)	it is easier for tall tress to obtain water.

2)	tall tress obtain more sunlight, so they produce more offspring than short trees.

3)	tall trees offer less wind resistance.

4)	tall trees are less affected by disease.

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Question 44 (1 point)

An organismâs phenotype includes ______.

Question 44 options:

1)	its physical characteristics.

2)	its behavior.

3)	none of the above.

4)	both A and B.

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Question 45 (1 point)

Which of these is a correct order of taxonomic categories from less specific to more specific?

Question 45 options:

1)	Kingdom domain phylum order class family genus

2)	Domain phylum kingdom order class family genus

3)	Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus

4)	Domain kingdom class phylum order family genus

5)	Kingdom domain phylum class family order genus

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Question 46 (1 point)

In the scientific name of humans, Homo sapiens, the name âsapiensâ is the ______.

Question 46 options:

class.

species.

genus.

order.

family.

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Question 47 (1 point)

Cells occur singly and have a nucleus and other organelles, including chloroplasts. These cells move with flagella. They are ______.

Question 47 options:

bacteria.

protists.

archaea.

fungi.

5)	two of these are possible.

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Question 48 (1 point)

Cilia are ______.

Question 48 options:

1)	the cytoplasmic extensions or false feet used by some cell types for locomotion.

2)	different kinds of cells each designed to perform a different function.

3)	the circular chromosomes of bacteria.

4)	many short hair-like cellular extensions found on the surface of some protists.

5)	a few long whip-like extensions, used by protists for locomotion.

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Question 49 (1 point)

The state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes is called ______.

Question 49 options:

1)	autosomal.

dominant.

3)	polyploidy.

4)	aneuploidy.

5)	nondisjunction.

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Question 50 (1 point)

Which of the following occurs in mitosis but NOT in meiosis?

Question 50 options:

1)	Cells genetically identical to parents are made.

2)	Crossing over.

3)	Independent assortment of chromosomes.

4)	Pairing up of similar chromosomes during prophase.

Yellow seeds on a pea plant are an example of a/an ______.

Question 40 options:

element.

2)	phenotype.

3)	environmental factor.

genotype.

allele.

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

Flag this Question

Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

BIOLOGY 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Drug Resistance, High Fidelity, Isoprene

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