CHEM 1150 Lecture Notes - Hydride, Metalloid, Nonmetal
CHEM 1150 Fall 2014 The Periodic Table and Major Divisions
Metals
Solid at room temp (except Hg)
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Reflective surface
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Conduct heat
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Conduct electricity
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Malleable (can be shaped)
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Ductile (can be drawn or pulled into wires)
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Lose electrons and form cations
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About 75% of elements are metals
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Lower left of table
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Non-metals
Found in all 3 states
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Poor conductors of heat and electricity
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Solids are brittle
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Gain electrons to become anions
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Upper right on table (except H)
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Metalloids
Mix of properties of metals and non-metals
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Known as semi-conductors
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1.
CHEM 1150 Fall 2014 The Groups of the Periodic Table
Hydrogen
Non-metal and metal (NOT a metalloid)
1.
Colorless, diatomic gas
Very low melting point and density
i.
2.
Reacts w/ non-metals to form molecular compounds
HCl is an acidic gas (HX dissolves in water to form acids)
i.
H2O is a liquid
ii.
3.
Reacts w/ metals to form hydrides
Metal hydrides react w/ water to form H2 (CaH2, KH, LiH, etc.)
i.
4.
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Alkali Metals (group 1)
Soft, low melting points, low density
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Flame tests:
Li=red, Na=yellow, K=violet
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Very reactive, never find uncombined in nature!
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Tend to form water-soluble compounds
Colorless solutions
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React w/ water to form basic (alkaline solutions w/ H2)
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Releases a lot of heat!
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Cation (+1 oxidation)
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Alkaline earth metals (group 2)
Harder, higher melting, and denser than alkali metals
Mg alloys used as structural materials
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Flame tests:
Ca=red, Sr=red, Ba=yellow-green
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Reactive, but less than alkali metal
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Form stable, insoluble oxides from which they are normally extracted
MgO, BaO, CaO, etc.
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Oxides are basic --> alkaline earth
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Cation (+2 oxidation)
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Halogens (group 7)
Non-metals
React w/ metals to form ionic compounds
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F2 and Cl2 gases, Br2 liquid, I2 solid
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All diatomic
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Very reactive
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Cl2 and Br2 react slowly w/ water
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HX all acids (X for any of the halogens to form an acid)
As you go down the group the acids become stronger (HF < HCl < HBr
etc.)
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Anion (-1 oxidation)
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Noble gases (group 8)
All monoatomic at room temp
Very low melting and boiling points
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Very unreactive, practically inert
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Very hard to remove an electron from or give an electron to
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2.
CHEM 1150 Fall 2014 Classification of Matter Part II
Element:
Characteristics:
Simplest type of substance
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Unique physical and chemical properties
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Consists of only one type of atom
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Symbols in the periodic table..
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An element may consist of one atom (monoatomic) or two atoms of
the same type (diatomic) or groups (polyatomic or molecular)
MEMORIZE:
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Elements can be metallic
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Atomic
Atoms that are alone
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Molecular
Atoms that are chemically linked (through a covalent bond)
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Compounds (2 or more elements):
Molecular
Covalent bonds ( non-metals share an electron)
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Ionic
Ionic bonds (electron transfer metal to non-metal)
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3.
Video notes: CHEM 1150 Fall 2014 The Periodic
Table and Major Divisions, CHEM 1150 Fall 2014 The
Groups of the Periodic Table, CHEM 1150 Fall 2014
Classification of Matter Part II
Tuesday, January 23, 2018
2:04 AM
Document Summary
Video notes: chem 1150 fall 2014 the periodic. Table and major divisions, chem 1150 fall 2014 the. Groups of the periodic table, chem 1150 fall 2014. Chem 1150 fall 2014 the periodic table and major divisions. Ductile (can be drawn or pulled into wires) Chem 1150 fall 2014 the groups of the periodic table. Reacts w/ non-metals to form molecular compounds i. ii. Hcl is an acidic gas (hx dissolves in water to form acids) Metal hydrides react w/ water to form h2 (cah2, kh, lih, etc. ) React w/ water to form basic (alkaline solutions w/ h2) Harder, higher melting, and denser than alkali metals. Form stable, insoluble oxides from which they are normally extracted. F2 and cl2 gases, br2 liquid, i2 solid. Hx all acids (x for any of the halogens to form an acid) As you go down the group the acids become stronger (hf < hcl < hbr etc. )
