BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cellular Respiration, Catabolism, Osmosis

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blushmallard188

19 Dec 2020

School

Diablo Valley College

Department

Biological Science

Course

BIOSC-101

Professor

wyler

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Document Summary

Membrane structure & function you should be able to: The tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space. Although each molecule moves randomly, diffusion of a population of molecules may be directional. Any substance will diffuse down its concentration gradient, the region along which the density of a chemical substance decreases. Molecules have thermal energy so they are constantly in motion and so they tend to diffuse. Distinguish between the following pairs or sets of terms: peripheral and integral membrane proteins; channel and carrier proteins; osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport; hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions. Bound to the surface of the membrane. Have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel. Bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane. Is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Related Questions

1. predict the direction of water movement based on differences in solute concentrations. Use the terms osmotic pressure, hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic
2. Why do membranes have to be selectively permeable?

3. What determines whether a particular substance can diffuse (simple or facilitated) through a membrane?

4. What mechanisms drive molecules across membranes? Use the terms concentration gradient, (facilitated) diffusion and active transport.
5. Which parts of the plasma membrane proteins do you expect to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Justify your answer.
concise and short answers pls

Explain the cell theory; know the three basic tenets of the theory.

All cells have to carry out certain functions, what do all cells have in common?

Compare/contrast an Eukaryotic vs a Prokaryotic cell type.

Understand the concept of selective toxicity. What do all effective targets of an antimicrobial agent have in common? What are some characteristics of Prokaryotic cells that can be targeted?

Explain the unity and diversity of prokaryotic cells in terms of evolutionary theories.

Describe the three basic shapes (morphologies) of bacteria.

What are the functions of the plasma membrane, how does the structure of the plasma membrane aid in carrying out these functions?

Describe the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Draw out the plasma membrane, include the phospholipid bilayer (indicating polar/hydrophilic and nonpolar/hydrophobic components) and peripheral and integral proteins. Also indicate the intracellular (cytoplasmic) and extracellular regions.

What are the functions of the components of the plasma membrane? Phospholipids, proteins?

Transport. Compare/contrast the following mechanisms of transport in terms of the types of molecules transported, with or against the concentration gradient, if any Energy input is required, if a transport molecule is involved, and if Euk and or Prok use this mechanism.

Osmosis (explain the role of aquaporins)

Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Active transport (proton motive force / ATP binding cassette system)

Group translocation

BIOL 110 Principles of Biology

1.Describe the structure of a plasma membrane.

2.Define an amphipathic molecule and give an example.

3.Explain the difference between integral and peripheral proteins.

4.Describe the fluid-mosaic model of a membrane.

5.Identify and discuss the function of proteins located in the plasma membrane.

6.Explain the difference between glycoproteins and glycolipids.

7.Why can carbon form chemical bonds with so many elements?

8.Explain the meaning of concentration gradient as it pertains to movement of substances into and out of cells.

9.Explain diffusion and osmosis.

10.What molecule is thought to facilitate the movement of water molecules through a plasma membrane?

11.Explain the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane. Provide examples that occur in the human body.

12.Explain the impact to a cell if placed in a hypertonic solution; include a definition of hypertonic solution and why the change occurs.

13.Identify a similarity and difference between facilitated transport and active transport. Do not state that both move substances across the membrane.

14.Explain the sodium-potassium pump and identify the type of membrane protein involved.

15.Identify and explain the process used by cells to secrete substances.

16.Explain the composition of a plant cell wall and how it differs from the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell.

17.Explain the plasmodesmata and identify the kingdom in which they are found.

18.Define energy and identify the two basic forms of energy.

19.Define entropy.

20.Define metabolism.

21.Explain the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions.

22.What are coupled reactions and what roles can ATP serve in these reactions?

23.Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions.

24.What is energy of activation?

25.What factors affect the speed of enzymatic reactions?

26.What is an electron transport chain?

27.What occurs at the active site of an enzyme?

28.Define enzymatic inhibition.

29.Define chemiosmosis.

30.Define vitamins and identify their function.

BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cellular Respiration, Catabolism, Osmosis

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