EBIO 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Sister Chromatids, Homologous Chromosome, S Phase

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blushclam842

13 Mar 2017

School

CU-Boulder

Department

Ecology & Evolutionary Biology

Course

EBIO 1220

Professor

Melbourne

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Document Summary

2 major problems to solve in cell division: Both new cells need to have everything that the original cell had. Only getting cell division when and where it is beneficial to the organism regulation. The organization of genetic material in animal cells: During replication of dna (happens during s phase of interphase) Suppose that at the beginning of s phase, a skin cell (in some species of mammal) has 8 chromosomes total. 8 1 round of cell division in mitosis and then replication to make the cells identical to the cell that replicated to produce the other cells. Meiosis the division of a diploid leading to the eventual production of haploid cells. Sexual reproduction: 2 individuals contribute genetic material to offspring. The genetic makeup of organisms that reproduce sexually. Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles. A) blue = from homer, red = from marge.

Related Questions

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Determine whether the following applies to mitosis, meiosis, orboth; also identify the specific stage of cell division thatapplies (e.g. mitosis prophase, meiosis anaphase II, etc)

1) chromosomes pairs line up across the center of the cell

2) sister chromatids seperate

3) spindle fibers separate homologous chromosomes

4) 4 haploid daughter cells are produced

5) a cell 1st undergoes DNA replication

6) chromosomes line up single file across the middle of thecell

7) sister chromatids separate from each other

8) 2 haploid daughter cells form

9) the nuclear membrane re forms

10) spindle fibers attach to pairs of homologous chromosomes

11) the nuclear membrane begins to dissolve

12) centrosomes duplicate

13) synapsis and crossing over occurs

14) 2 diploid daughter cells form

turquoiseporpoise808

1. only one chromosome of a homologous pair is present in a cell

2. sister chromatids seperate

3. homologous chromosomes pair up

4. parent cell and daughter cells are genetically identical to each other

5. chromosomes replicate before nuclear division

6. crossing over

7. involved in growth and repair

8. homologous chromosomes separate

9. synthesis of sister chromatids before division

10. independent assortment

Answer Choices:

A. occurs ONLY in meiosis

B. occurs in BOTH mitosis and meiosis

C. occurs ONLY in mitosis

harlequineel895

EBIO 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Sister Chromatids, Homologous Chromosome, S Phase

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