EBIO 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Gregor Mendel, Punnett Square, Meiosis

23 views4 pages

blueant723

8 Nov 2016

School

CU-Boulder

Department

Ecology & Evolutionary Biology

Course

EBIO 1210

Professor

Dr.William Adams

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Outline: the work of gregor mendel, probability and genetic outcomes, complications on genes and traits. What happens to cells at the chromosomal level during segregation: haploid cells are arising from diploid ones. Mendel did not know about genes or chromosomes perse. Law of segregation can be phrased as stating that the two alleles an individual possesses for a given gene separate during gamete formation. Mendel"s law of segregation is used to construct a punnett square . This simple square tells you the expected frequencies of genotypes and phenotypes from a particular cross. 2 alleles x 2 alleles = 4 outcomes, 1:1:1:1. Only 3 distinct genetic types, or genotypes 1:2:1. Only 2 distinct traits, or phenotypes, 3:1: 3, 2. Suppose there are two alleles of a gene, called a and a, and a is dominant to a. In a cross, aa x aa, among the offspring there are _____ possible genotypes and _____ possible phenotypes.

Related Questions

What is a genome? What is a genome made of? Describe the bacterial genome. How do bacteria reproduce? What is binary fission? Distinguish between a chromosome and chromatin. Where are chromosomes located in eukaryotic cells? What is the chromosome made of? What is a centromere? What is the centromere's role? What are sister chromatids and how do they arise? Distinguish between somatic cells and germ (gametes) cells. Describe the cell cycle. What are the different phases? What occurs during S phase? What is interphase? How is the cell cycle controlled?

Describe mitosis. What are the phases of mitosis? What occurs in each of the phases of mitosis? What is cytokinesis? How does this differ between plant and animal cells? What is a kinetochore? Where does it form? What is its role? What is the role of microtubules in mitosis? What is a centriole and what is it composed of? What is a centrosome and what is its role in mitosis? What is the metaphase plate and why is this important? What is the mitotic spindle, its role and its makeup? What defines a diploid cell? How many copies of each chromosome is in a diploid cell? What about a haploid cell? Why do the daughter cells of mitosis always have the same complement of chromosomes?

Describe meiosis. What are the phases of meiosis? What occurs in each of the phases of meiosis? Distinguish between meiosis I and meiosis II and describe how each of these processes compare to mitosis. Why do animal cells undergo meiosis? What is a gamete? What is a zygote? What are recombination, crossing-over, and chiasma? When and why does this occur? What is meant by 'homologous pair of chromosomes'? Why don't the daughter cells of meiosis have the same genetic makeup? What controls the segregation of chromosomes into the gametes?

What are genetic characters? What are genetic traits? What is an allele? What is a locus? How many alleles at each locus would a human cell have and why? Distinguish between genotype and phenotype. What is meant by a dominant gene? What is meant by a recessive gene? How do these differ? What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant organism? What is its phenotype? What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive organism? What is its phenotype? What is the genotype of a heterozygous organism? What is its phenotype? What is a genetic cross? Distinguish between the P, F1, and F2 generations. What is a true-breeding line? What is the genotype and phenotype of a cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents? If the F1 progeny are crossed, what would be the genotype and phenotype of the F2 generation? What would be the phenotypic ratio? What would be the genotypic ratio? Be ready to generate Punnet square tests or probability analyses of crosses involving more than one genetic locus. Describe a dihybrid cross where two alleles are homozygous dominant in one parent and homozygous recessive in the other. What would be the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation from this dihybrid cross? What is meant by independent assortment? Be prepared to calculate probabilities resulting from different crosses.

Distinguish between complete and incomplete dominance. How would incomplete dominance alter the results of a hybrid cross? What would the resulting F2 generation phenotype and genotype ratios be? What is codominance? How does this affect the results of crosses? Be prepared to determine likely blood types of parents based on the blood types of their offspring. What is a polygenic trait? What is a carrier state for a genetic disease? What is meant by linked genes? How does this affect expected outcomes of genetic crosses? How is gene linkage used for chromosomal mapping? Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes. What sex chromosomes are found in women? What sex chromosomes are found in men? What are sex-linked traits? Be prepared to give the results of crosses that involve sex-linked recessive traits. What is the process of nondisjunction? What are the likely results? Why is this important? What is a Barr body? Recognize the genetic abnormality of Downs Syndrome, Turner's Syndrome, and Klinefelter's Syndrome.

pucewallaby221

EBIO 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Gregor Mendel, Punnett Square, Meiosis

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

EBIO 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Phenylalanine, Quantitative Trait Locus

EBIO 1210 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Gregor Mendel, Hemoglobin, Degenerative Disease

EBIO 1210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Thomas Hunt Morgan, Sex-Determination System, Mendelian Inheritance

Related Questions