BIOL 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Gamete, Punnett Square, Frameshift Mutation
Document Summary
Lecture 9 notes: genetic variation and hardy-weinberg equilibrium. Where information is held in cells (dna) How organisms replicate genetic info and distributed to daughter cells. Basics of how traits are inherited in sexual reproduction. Goal focus: understanding the evolutionary mechanisms by which diversity in organisms arose. Mendel"s examples: there are two clearly distinct alternative traits for each character: phenotype variation in these cases can be described as either-or of distinct alternatives, or qualitative variation. Qualitative variation usually caused by allelic variation at a single locus: example: white flowers or purple flowers, at population level, traits with only two alleles have a bimodal distribution. Evolution means change, but biologists define it as changes in allele frequencies in populations over time. Population a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, and interbreeding with each other.
