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ECON 040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Reservation Price, Apple Juice, Shortage

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blackpig616
10 Aug 2020
School
College of The Sequoias
Department
Economics (ECON)
Course
ECON 040
Professor
Tootle

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Document Summary

Theoh is one producer, tai is another producer with better technology. Market equilibrium is when the quantity supplied at a price is equal to the quantity demanded at that same price. All sellers sell at the same price. If price is higher at this point, there will be excess quantity supplied. If price is lower at this point, there will be excess quantity demanded. A price that generates either excess demand or excess supply in the market is unlikely to be an equilibrium, because either the buyers or sellers have incentive to change their behaviour. If there is excess supply, sellers are left without buyers and will lower prices to attract buyers. If there is excess demand, buyers cannot buy the good and will be willing to pay a higher price. These adjustments continues until the excesses are removed and market equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity, quantity supplied = quantity demanded.

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Related Questions

1 an imperfect market, individual firms

A.are always able to set the price of their product.
B.are able to influence the price of their product.
C.have no influence over the price of their product.

D.take the market price as given.

1 Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a market economy?

Significant government intervention
Little or no government intervention
Buyers and sellers motivated by self-interest
Prices determined by demand and supply

2 In a competitive market, the price of the product is

independently set by each competing seller.
set by the market leader and then copied by other sellers.
jointly set after a meeting of all sellers in the market.
set by market supply and demand.

3 Which of the following firms participates in a competitive market?

A new car manufacturer, such as Ford, Honda, Toyota, or GMC
A software producer, such as Microsoft
A corn farmer
A local electric utility company

4 In an imperfect market, individual firms

are always able to set the price of their product.
are able to influence the price of their product.
have no influence over the price of their product.
take the market price as given.

5 Which of the following firms operates as a monopoly?

A car manufacturer
A local water utility
A corn farmer
A fish vendor at a neighborhood market

6 According to the law of demand, what is the relationship between price and quantity demanded?

Direct
No relationship
Inverse

7 Refer to the following graph. The demand curve slopes downward because
Click to view graphic. (Links to an external site.)

prices and quantity demanded move in opposite directions.
prices and quantity demanded move in the same direction.
prices and quantity demanded have no relationship.
prices and quantity demanded remain unchanged.

8 A change in which of the following will cause a change in the quantity demanded of coffee?

Consumer income
The price of green tea, a substitute for coffee
The number of coffee consumers
The price of coffee

9 Suppose that burgers and fries are complements in consumption. If the price of fries increases

overall demand for burgers will increase.
overall demand for burgers will decrease.
quantity demanded for burgers will increase.
quantity demanded for burgers will decrease.

10 Suppose that Coca Cola and Pepsi are substitutes in consumption. If the price of Coca Cola decreases, then

both the equilibrium price and the quantity of Pepsi demanded will decrease.
both the equilibrium price and the quantity of Pepsi demanded will increase.
the equilibrium price of Pepsi will increase and the quantity demanded of Pepsi will decrease.
the equilibrium price of Pepsi will decrease and the quantity demanded of Pepsi will increase.

11 According to the law of supply, what is the relationship between price and quantity supplied?

Direct
No relationship
Inverse
It depends on the change in price

12 Refer to the graph below. The supply curve is _______________ driven by the law of supply.
Click to view graphic. (Links to an external site.)

Downward sloping
Upward sloping
Perfectly vertical
Perfectly horizontal

13 A change in which of the following will cause a change in the quantity supplied of coffee?

The technology or the production process of making coffee
Anticipation of a change in the price of coffee
The wages of coffee bean pickers
The price of coffee

14 Which of the following will cause a rightward shift in the supply curve for tobacco?

A fall in the number of tobacco farmers in the market
An increase in taxes on tobacco
Removal of government subsidies to tobacco farmers
An improvement in the technology used in the production of tobacco

15 Flour is a factor of production of cupcakes. How will an increase in the price of flour affect the market for cupcakes?

Overall supply will increase
Overall supply will decrease
Quantity supplied will increase
Quantity supplied will decrease

16 Refer to the following image. When a market is in equilibrium, which of the following is true?
Click to view graphic. (Links to an external site.)

Quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded
Quantity supplied is less than quantity demanded
Quantity supplied is equal to quantity demanded
There is no relationship between quantity supplied and quantity demanded

17 Refer to the following figure. At a price of $15, this market is experiencing a(n)
Click to view graphic. (Links to an external site.)

equilibrium.
shortage.
surplus.
none of the above are true.

18 Refer to the following figure. At a price of $5, this market is experiencing
Click to view graphic. (Links to an external site.)

equilibrium.
a shortage.
a surplus.
None of the above are true.

19 Suppose pasta salad is a normal good. If the price of pasta (a major ingredient in pasta salad) increases and income also increases, the

equilibrium quantity and equilibrium price of pasta salad will increase.
equilibrium quantity of pasta salad will decrease and the equilibrium price of pasta salad may either increase or decrease.
equilibrium quantity of pasta salad may either increase or decrease and the equilibrium price of pasta salad will increase.
equilibrium quantity and equilibrium price of pasta salad will both decrease.

20. What must happen to the market price in order for a shortage to be eliminated?

Price must fall.
Price must rise.
Price must stay the same.
Price may rise or fall depending on the size of the shortage.

There are four buyers (Debu, Sumon, Aslam & Rakib) in the market. All of them want to buy a pizza. Debu is willing to pay 800/- taka for one pizza, Sumon is willing to pay 600/- taka for one pizza, Aslam is willing to pay 400/- taka for one pizza, and Rakib is willing to pay 200/- taka for one pizza. On the other hand, there are four pizza sellers in the market (Anup, Roni, Himel & Badal). Anup’s cost of producing one pizza is 200/- taka, Roni’s cost of producing one pizza is 400/- taka, Himel’s cost of producing one pizza is 600/- taka, and Badal’s cost of producing one pizza is 800/- taka. Based on all of this information, answer the following questions

Q1 Derive the demand schedule for pizza.

Q2 If the market price of one pizza is 450/- taka, what will be the market quantity demanded pizzas, and what will be the total consumer surplus?

Q3 If the market price of one pizza is 350/- taka, what will be the market quantity demanded pizzas, and what will be the total consumer surplus?

Q4 Derive the supply schedule for pizza.

Q5 If the market price of one pizza is 500/- taka, what will be the market quantity supplied for pizzas, and what will be the total producer surplus?

Q6 If the market price of one pizza is 900/- taka, what will be the market quantity supplied for pizzas, and what will be the total producer surplus?

Q7 Now, considering the demand and supply side of this pizza market, calculate the market quantity demanded and quantity supplied at 100/-, 300/- and 500/- taka. Which of these prices brings supply and demand into equilibrium?

Q8 What are the entire consumer surplus & producer surplus, and total surplus in this equilibrium?

1. A change in quantity supplied:

A. refers to a shift in the supply curve.

B. results from a change in a determinant of supply.

C. refers to a movement along a given supply curve.

D. is caused by a change in the number of sellers in the industry.

 

2. Which one of the following would most likely cause the supply curve for microwaves to shift to the right:

A. a decrease in the price of microwaves.

B. an increase in the wage rate earned by workers who produce microwaves.

C. a decrease in consumer preferences for microwaves.

D. an increase in the number of firms that produce microwaves

 

3. If the actual price sellers are pricing their goods at is currently above the equilibrium price. There is a ____________. Therefore, we would expect sellers to ____________ the price until the market reaches equilibrium.

A.

surplus; raise
B.

surplus; lower
C.

shortage; raise
 

D. shortage; lower

4. Suppose the demand and the supply of wine both increase. The net effect of these changes in demand and supply will be

A

an increase in equilibrium quantity, but a decrease in equilibrium price.
B

an increase in equilibrium price and quantity.
C.

an increase in equilibrium price, but the change in equilibrium quantity is indeterminate.
D.

an increase in equilibrium quantity, but the change in equilibrium price is indeterminate.