CHEM 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Sigma Bond, Lewis Acids And Bases, Carbon Tetrachloride

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Lone pairs in vsepr single double and triple bonds are all considered as one electron density area in the vsepr model lone pairs on the central atom count as one region of electron density. Since the electron pair counts as an electron density, the ion technically. 2- counts as a tetrahedron but the electron density is mostly empty so you actually end up with a tetrahedron without an atom (trigonal pyramidal) Remember the repulsion strength order: lone-lone>lone-bonding>bonding-bonding this means that electron densities tend to push atoms away and cause bond angles to change. Additional lone pairs force bonding electron pairs closer together. Ex: h2o it has two lone electron pairs on the o, creating a bent molecule with a bond angle of 104. 5 degrees, instead of 109. 5 degrees. Molecules with the same formula have the same general shape their bond angles may vary slightly. Ex: sulfur tetrafluoride sf4 in organic chemistry, carbon is usually the central atom.

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