BIOL 001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Reverse Transcriptase

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skywildebeest596

30 Jul 2020

School

College of The Sequoias

Department

Biology (BIOL)

Course

BIOL 001

Professor

Dillard

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Document Summary

Noncellular (cannot be classifies with cellular organisms) When it comes to mammals there is 3,000 different viruses. Each type has at least two parts: Put the virus into different categories based on its shapes: (need to know these) morphological categories. Nucleic acid core: either dna or dna. They are incredibly small with 200nm in diameter. Rna can be transcribed into rna before proteins are produced. Type of nucleic acid (dna/rna, single or double stranded) Of viruses) naming and grouping viruses along with the. Virus needs to find its host cell and is not infectious with no host. Can be cultured only inside living cells. When we want to make vaccines, we grow them in eggs. Cannot move, metabolize or respond to stimuli. Evolve as a result of mutation and natural selection. This makes it hard for us to track/study or develop vaccines. Non-living but do have living qualities as they can evolve and mutate.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1: The rabies virus primarily affects the nervous system. The specificity that the rabies virus has for neuronal host cells is primarily dictated by __________________________.

A. the helical shape of its viral capsid

B. the type of nucleic acid used for its viral genome (single-stranded, antisense RNA)

C. the spikes that protrude from its viral envelope

D. the segmented nature of its viral genome

QUESTION 2: Which of the following genome types has been observed in viruses? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. Single-stranded RNA

B. Single-stranded DNA

C. Double-stranded RNA

D. Protein-based

QUESTION 3: Choose the correct statement about viral evolution.

A. RNA and DNA viral genomes evolve at equal rates.

B. Cellular genomes mutate at a faster rate than viral genomes due to their large size and increased chance of replicative mistakes.

C. DNA viruses mutate faster than RNA viruses because thymine is more susceptible to mutation than uracil.

D. RNA viruses mutate faster than DNA viruses due to a lack of proofreading replicative enzymes.

QUESTION 4: Your elderly patient is affected by shingles. After careful observation, you note that the virus responsible for the infection has an icosahedral capsid, is enveloped, and has double-stranded linear DNA as its genetic material. Based on this information, in which of the following viral families would you group this viral pathogen?

QUESTION 5: Which of the following is a key difference between lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage replication cycles?

A. Lysogenic bacteriophages release via host cell lysis, whereas lytic bacteriophages bud off from the host cell membrane.

B. The lytic replication cycle ends with host cell lysis and release of newly formed bacteriophage particles, whereas lysogenic replication leads to prophage formation.

C. Lytic replication requires an uncoating step, whereas in lysogenic replication, the bacteriophage's nucleic acid is directly injected into the host cell.

D. Whereas lytic replication enables the infection of several hosts, lysogenic replication only allows for infection of a single host cell.

QUESTION 6: Which of the following is an unsuitable culture method for an animal virus?

A. Direct inoculation of virus onto blood agar

B. Live animal inoculation