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ACCT 002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Income Statement, Identifiability, Management Accounting

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skywildebeest596

5 Aug 2020

School

College of The Sequoias

Department

Accounting (ACCT)

Course

Professor

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Document Summary

The amount of cash or cash equivalent that is sacrificed for goods and services. Costs are incurred to produce future benefits. As costs are used up in the production of revenues they are said to expire. Revenues must remain greater than expenses to remain viable as a company. In profit-making firm these benefits are usually revenues. In managerial accounting costs are organized according to their decision-making needs from management. Direct: easily and accurately traced to a cost object, relationship between cost and object can be observed. Indirect: cannot be easily traced to cost object, assigned through allocation. Fixed costs: total does not increase as output increases and does not decrease as output decreases. Variable costs: increases in total as output increases and decreases as output decreases. Mixed: both fixed and variable costs combined. Product costs: inventoriable costs such as direct labour, direct materials, and manufacturing overhead. One of the most important cost objects a company has is its output.

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Related Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A cost center is a unit of a business that incurs costs butdoes not directly generate revenues. Which of the following woulddefinitely not be considered a cost center?
A. Accounting department.
B. Purchasing department.
C. Research department
D. Advertising department.
E. All of these could be considered cost centers.

2. A unit of a business that not only incurs costs, but alsogenerates revenues, is called a:
A. Performance center.
B. Profit center.
C. Cost center.
D. Responsibility center.
E. Expense center.

3. Regardless of the system used in departmental costanalysis:
A. Direct costs are allocated, indirect costs are not.
B. Indirect costs are allocated, direct costs are not.
C. Both direct and indirect costs are allocated.
D. Neither direct nor indirect costs are allocated.
E. Total departmental costs will always be the same.

4. An accounting system that provides information thatmanagement can use to evaluate the profitability and/or costeffectiveness of a department's activities is a:
A. Departmental accounting system.
B. Cost accounting system.
C. Service accounting system.
D. Revenue accounting system.
E. Standard accounting system.

5. Expenses that are easily traced and assigned to a specificdepartment because they are incurred for the sole benefit of thatdepartment are called:
A. Direct expenses.
B. Indirect expenses.
C. Controllable expenses.
D. Uncontrollable expenses.
E. Fixed expenses.

6. Costs that the manager has the power to determine or at leaststrongly influence are called:
A. Uncontrollable costs.
B. Controllable costs.
C. Joint costs.
D. Direct costs.
E. Indirect costs.

7. Responsibility account performance reports:
A. Become more detailed at higher levels of management.
B. Become less detailed at higher levels of management.
C. Are equally detailed at all levels of management.
D. Are useful in any format.
E. Are irrelevant.

8. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof internal business processes which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth

9. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof the customer perspective which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth

burgundybadger233

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A cost center is a unit of a business that incurs costs butdoes not directly generate revenues. Which of the following woulddefinitely not be considered a cost center?
A. Accounting department.
B. Purchasing department.
C. Research department
D. Advertising department.
E. All of these could be considered cost centers.

2. A unit of a business that not only incurs costs, but alsogenerates revenues, is called a:
A. Performance center.
B. Profit center.
C. Cost center.
D. Responsibility center.
E. Expense center.

3. Regardless of the system used in departmental costanalysis:
A. Direct costs are allocated, indirect costs are not.
B. Indirect costs are allocated, direct costs are not.
C. Both direct and indirect costs are allocated.
D. Neither direct nor indirect costs are allocated.
E. Total departmental costs will always be the same.

4. An accounting system that provides information thatmanagement can use to evaluate the profitability and/or costeffectiveness of a department's activities is a:
A. Departmental accounting system.
B. Cost accounting system.
C. Service accounting system.
D. Revenue accounting system.
E. Standard accounting system.

5. Expenses that are easily traced and assigned to a specificdepartment because they are incurred for the sole benefit of thatdepartment are called:
A. Direct expenses.
B. Indirect expenses.
C. Controllable expenses.
D. Uncontrollable expenses.
E. Fixed expenses.

6. Costs that the manager has the power to determine or at leaststrongly influence are called:
A. Uncontrollable costs.
B. Controllable costs.
C. Joint costs.
D. Direct costs.
E. Indirect costs.

7. Responsibility account performance reports:
A. Become more detailed at higher levels of management.
B. Become less detailed at higher levels of management.
C. Are equally detailed at all levels of management.
D. Are useful in any format.
E. Are irrelevant.

8. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof internal business processes which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth

9. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof the customer perspective which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth

lemonrhinoceros823

I'll rate posting for sec times just do last parts likecost and balance sheet ( account balance and cost incurred ) that'sit ready question carefully then answer all last partthanks

Charles Maxwell is starting a cheesecake bakery, Able BakerCharlie Company, to produce and sell different flavored cheesecakesto restaurants and the general public. He has just begun his studyof accounting, and is a bit confused about the many types ofreports he has read about and how they will help him run hisbusiness. He asks you to help him clarify what the differencesbetween managerial accounting and financial accounting are. Heâsalso wondering how to set up his inventory, how to classify thecosts of his business, and how to fill in some missinginformation.

	Required:
1.	Choose whether thecharacteristics on the Managerial vs. Financial panel are mostoften associated with managerial accounting or financialaccounting.
2.	Charles has provided some ofthe costs he expects to incur on the Cost Classification panel.Decide on the classifications that could be applied to each ofthese costs using the table provided. The cost object in each caseis the cheesecake.
3.	Charles found some sampleincome statements and balance sheets on the Internet, and askedwhich of them might be most appropriate for a manufacturingbusiness like his. Review income statements A and B on the IncomeStatements panel, and balance sheets C and D on the Balance Sheetspanel. Determine which income statement and balance sheet would bemost appropriate for a manufacturing business like Able BakerCharlie. Then, on the Financial Statements panel, denote whichincome statement and balance sheet would be most appropriate for amanufacturing business.
4.	At the end of February, afterthe second month of operations of Able Baker Charlie Company,Charles shows you the data heâs collected, but he was unable tofigure out some of the amounts. On the Costs and Balances panel,determine the missing amounts. Note: It may behelpful to use T accounts to map the flow of the amounts throughthe manufacturing accounts and solve for the missing dollarvalues.

Managerial vs. Financial

Choose whether the following characteristics are most oftenassociated with managerial accounting or financial accounting.

	Managerial Accounting	Financial Accounting
Primarily used for internal decision making
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) must beused
Prepared statements usually pertain to the company as a wholerather than individual departments or products
Information provided will often be subjective, such asestimated future results
Often prepared on an as-needed basis rather than at fixedintervals
Use principles of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board(SASB) to provide sustainability information to external financialstatement users
Consideration of sustainability practices to contribute to thecompanyâs long-term success
Using eco-efficiency measures to reduce expenses

Cost Classification

Charles has provided some of the costs he expects to incur asfollows. Decide on the classifications that could be applied toeach of these costs using the table provided. The cost object ineach case is the cheesecake.

Cost	Product	Period	Direct	Direct	Factory	Selling	Administrative	Direct	Indirect	Prime	Conversion
Cost	Cost	Cost	Materials	Labor	Overhead	Expense	Expense	Cost	Cost	Cost	Cost
Eggs used to make cheesecakes
Bakerâs wages
Delivery driver wages
Depreciation of office computers
Power to run the cheesecake ovens
Presidentâs salary
Sales commissions
Factory supervisor salary

Financial Statements

Charles found some sample income statements and balance sheetson the Internet, and asked which of them might be most appropriatefor a manufacturing business like his. Review income statements Aand B on the Income Statements panel, and balance sheets C and D onthe Balance Sheets panel. Determine which income statement andbalance sheet would be most appropriate for a manufacturingbusiness like Able Baker Charlie Company.

Which income statement is most appropriate for a manufacturingbusiness?

Income statement A

Income statement B

Which balance sheet is most appropriate for a manufacturingbusiness?

Balance sheet C

Balance sheet D

Income Statements

Income Statement A (scroll down for Income StatementB):

Sample Company A

Income Statement

For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y8

1	Sales		$42,000.00
2	Beginning finished goods inventory	$5,250.00
3	Plus cost of goods manufactured	6,400.00
4	Cost of finished goods available for sale	$11,650.00
5	Less ending finished goods inventory	400.00
6	Cost of goods sold		11,250.00
7	Gross profit		$30,750.00
8	Operating expenses:
9	Selling expenses	$6,400.00
10	Administrative expenses	5,250.00
11	Total operating expenses		11,650.00
12	Net income		$19,100.00

Income Statement B:

Sample Company B

Income Statement

For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y8

1	Sales		$42,000.00
2	Beginning merchandise inventory	$5,250.00
3	Plus net purchases	6,400.00
4	Merchandise available for sale	$11,650.00
5	Less ending merchandise inventory	400.00
6	Cost of merchandise sold		11,250.00
7	Gross profit		$30,750.00
8	Operating expenses:
9	Selling expenses	$6,400.00
10	Administrative expenses	5,250.00
11	Total operating expenses		11,650.00
12	Net income		$19,100.00

Balance Sheets

Balance Sheet C (scroll down for Balance SheetD):

Sample Company C

Balance Sheet

December 31, 20Y8

1	Assets
2	Cash		$20,800.00
3	Accounts receivable (net)		10,000.00
4	Merchandise inventory		6,000.00
5	Supplies		2,100.00
6	Land		17,000.00
7	Total assets		$55,900.00
8	Liabilities
9	Accounts payable		$17,800.00
10	Stockholdersâ Equity
11	Common stock	$19,000.00
12	Retained earnings	19,100.00
13	Total stockholdersâ equity		38,100.00
14	Total liabilities and stockholdersâ equity		$55,900.00

Balance Sheet D:

Sample Company D

Balance Sheet

December 31, 20Y8

1	Assets
2	Cash		$20,800.00
3	Accounts receivable (net)		10,000.00
4	Inventories:
5	Finished goods	$2,000.00
6	Work in process	1,500.00
7	Materials	2,500.00	6,000.00
8	Supplies		2,100.00
9	Land		17,000.00
10	Total assets		$55,900.00
11	Liabilities
12	Accounts payable		$17,800.00
13	Stockholdersâ Equity
14	Common stock	$19,000.00
15	Retained earnings	19,100.00
16	Total stockholdersâ equity		38,100.00
17	Total liabilities and stockholdersâ equity		$55,900.00

Costs and Balances

At the end of February, after the second month of operationsof Able Baker Charlie Company, Charles shows you the data heâscollected, but he was unable to figure out some of the amounts.Review the following data and fill in the missing amounts on thechart for Able Baker Charlie Company. Note: It maybe helpful to use T accounts to map the flow of the amounts throughthe manufacturing accounts and solve for the missing dollar values.It may also be helpful to review the steps for determining the costof materials used, total manufacturing cost incurred, and cost ofgoods manufactured.

Data forFebruary
Decrease in materialsinventory	$3,300
Materials inventory on Feb. 28	50% of materials inventory on Jan.31
Direct materials purchased	$12,600
Direct materials used	3 times the direct laborincurred
Total manufacturing costs incurredin period	$29,400
Total manufacturing costs incurredin period	70% of Cost of GoodsManufactured
Total manufacturing costs incurredin period	$7,000 less than Cost of GoodsSold

Account	Account Balances		Costs Incurred
Account	Jan.31	Feb.28	Costs Incurred
Materials Inventory			DirectMaterials Used
Work inProcess Inventory	$27,000		DirectLabor Incurred
FinishedGoods Inventory		$16,000	FactoryOverhead Incurred
			Cost ofGoods Sold

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