ECON 1120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Aggregate Demand, Stagflation, Hyperinflation
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27 Jun 2016
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In the long run, costs and price level move in tandem, so once costs catch up and adjust, the lr-as curve is vertical at ypotential. The sr-as is upward sloping, as some/enough input costs lag behind the price level changes in the short run only. Output can go above ypotential - shifts right. Aggregate price level raises - we see inflation. Move up/along the sr-as as price levels rise, and some wages rise (note: other input prices and wages have not adjusted yet) Eventually: costs ultimately increase by the same percentage as the price level, and there is now a higher price level but no inflation. If lr-as is vertical, than neither fiscal nor monetary policy has any long-run effect on y. Sustained inflation occurs when the overall price level continues to rise over a period of time. Hyperinflation is a period of very rapid increases in price level. Stagflation occurs when both unemployment and price level are increasing.
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a) | In the AD-AS model, stagflation does not persist, because the working of the self-correcting mechanism of the economy _____ the level of output and _____ the price level until the economy eventually returns to a long-run equilibrium state, where actual output _____ potential output.
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b) | The LRAS curve is drawn as a vertical line at potential output (Y*) to indicate that
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c) | Stagflation arises in the context of the AD-AS model when some external factor causes
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d) | If the SRAS curve is positively sloped, then a decrease in the demand for Canadian-made goods in Europe will lead to _____ in the price level, in the short run.
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e) | Which of the following will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right?
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f) | Suppose a stock market crash decreases the stock of household wealth and therefore causes autonomous consumption to fall. Which of the following is the likely result?
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g) | An economy is characterized by the AD equation P = 200 ? 0.02Y, SRAS equation P = 100 and LRAS equation Y* = 5000. In the absence of any change in policy or exogenous shocks, this economy will achieve a long-run price level of
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h) | The AD-AS model depicts a self-correcting economy. This means that the price level in the model adjusts automatically in response to a(n) _____ gap, so as to eliminate the _____ gap in the long run, without requiring any help from government policies.
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i) | The aggregate demand curve shows
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j) | Consider an economy initially at long-run equilibrium with output (Y) equal to potential output (Y*). If the SRAS is positively sloped, then a shift to the right of the AD curve will lead to _____ in the price level, in the short run. In the long run, the SRAS curve will shift to the _____ and the equilibrium will be at __________.
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