LIFE 210 Lecture Notes - Valence Electron, Chemical Polarity, Hydronium
Document Summary
Cells are mainly hydrogen, calcium, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, sulfur. Electronegativity: o > n > c = s > h = p. Ionic give up or accept, form ions, form ionic compounds. If number of electrons associated with an atom is reduced, it is oxidized. Of o attracted to + of other molecule"s h. Hydronium is a weak acid, hydroxyl is conjugate base ph = -log [h+] Resonance where single & double bonds lie. Nonpolar do not hydrogen bond with water. Carboxylic acid cooh is a carboxyl group. Sometimes in middle of ring structures or chains. Hydrophilic carbon nitrogen and carbon oxygen groups. Can replace protons on end of carboxyl group or alcohol. Ester connection to carbon w/ o in middle, carbonyl off of one c. Anhydride 2 carboxylic groups, o in middle, carbonyl group on either side. Need to know the chemistry to understand how they work. Bioenergetics (how the elements come together), chemistry of elements themselves.
