BMS 450 Lecture Notes - Carbon Tetrachloride, Biotransformation, Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Document Summary
The route influences the rate of onset and magnitude of response. Eat something gi tract liver (may inactivate drugs, first pass effect drugs which are rapidly biotransformed [molecular structure changed] are inactivated, do not want to give these orally) Parenteral route (not orally) avoids first pass effect, side effects on gi tract, binding to gi contents, biotransformation in gi tract. Lipophilic molecules can diffuse through plasma membranes, hydrophilic blocked unless there is a transporter. Role of surface area greater surface area, greater effect. Absorption same as s. c. (subcutaneous) and i. m. (intramuscular) Problems: irritation, tissue slough, severe pain (high density of sensory receptors) Absorption 10 30 min, faster than s. c. , slower than i. v. Problems: potential for nerve damage, hemorrhage, septic abscess, necrosis, and gangrene. Small ionic, polar molecules can squeeze through pores. Rate limiting perfusion at s. c. injection site. Overdose decrease rate of perfusion (ice pack, tourniquet) Increase absorption exercise, massage, heat site, hyaluronidase (enzyme, breaks down connective tissue)