PSYCH 2010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Binge Eating Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder
25 Jan 2017
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
• Criteria for Abnormal Behavior
o Dysfunction (maladaptive)- hold down a job, have friends, go shopping, etc.
o Distress- upset, in pain, crying all the time
o Deviant- deviates from the norm
~Most important: Dysfunction & Distress (psychologists tend to look at these two)
• Medical Model- useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease
o Diagnosis- distinguish one disease from another (what)
o Etiology- apparent cause and history (why)
â–Ş Bio-psycho-social
• Diagnose using DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual)- handbook that lists disorders
• Original DSM has 128 disorders
o Current DSM has 4x as many disorders (541)
o Half the population would qualify as having a disorder at some point in their lives
o 70% overlap in diagnoses between doctors
Disorders:
• Anxiety Disorders- excessive apprehension and anxiety (20% population qualify)
o Specific Phobias- persistent and irrational fear of some object/situation that
presents no realistic danger
â–Ş Can be learned through conditioning
o Social Anxiety Disorder- extreme fear of being judged by others, so much so that
social situations are avoided
o Panic Disorder- recurrent overwhelming attacks of panic or anxiety
o Agoraphobia- fear of places where it is hard to escape a panic attack
(complication of panic disorder)
o Generalized Anxiety Disorder- chronic, high-level anxiety not tied to any
specific threat (anxious over pretty much everything)
• Bio-Psycho-Social
o Genetic
o Neurochemicals
o Cognitive Factors
• Somatic Symptoms & Related Disorders- physical ailments that cannot be explained by
organic conditions (psychological factors)
o Ex: Doctor Phil with boyfriend “allergic” to girlfriend
o Malingering- faking it
o Psychosomatic- disease that starts in the mind, irrelevant bc almost everything
starts there, real disease
o Somatic Symptom Disorder- diverse physical ailments that appear to be
psychological in origin, and cannot be medically explained (biology) (focused on
what is actually going on)
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o Illness Anxiety Disorder- (Hypochondriasis) preoccupation with
having/acquiring a serious illness (focusing on the idea)
o Conversion Disorder- Altered voluntary or motor sensory function
▪ People say that can’t see/walk after traumatic incident
o Etiology- Not a strong biological component, personality factors DO matter,
cognitive factor- catastrophize, stress plays a role
• Dissociative Disorders- lose contact with portions of consciousness/ memory, and in the
process you disrupt your sense of identity
o Normal dissociation- daydreaming
o Dissociative Identity Disorder- (multiple personality disorder) two or more
largely complete, and very different personalities coexist in one person
â–Ş Personalities are not aware of each other, change w/o person knowing
â–Ş Change very suddenly
â–Ş People who get this often have 3+ disorders already
o Dissociative Amnesia- sudden loss of personal memory too extensive to be
explained by forgetting
▪ Forgot parents’ name, elementary school
▪ w/ Fugue→ sudden, unexpected travel (ex: mom leaves suddenly and ends
up in Illinois, no memory of self)
o Depersonalization/De-realization Disorder-
â–Ş Depersonalization- out of body experience
â–Ş De-realization- detachment from surroundings
o Etiology of Dissociative Disorder
â–Ş not too dependent on biological factors
â–Ş mostly stress
▪ Dissociative Identity Disorder –
• 2-3 av. personalities, now it’s 15
• Unevenly dispersed among therapists’ patients (some are doing it
for + reinforcement)
• Bipolar- one or more manic episodes with periods of depression
o Manic Episode- extreme euphoria, impaired judgement
o Cyclothymic- type of bipolar, chronic but milder symptoms
• Major Depressive Disorder- persistent feelings of sadness and despair, loss of interest in
previous sources of pleasure
o low as you do with bipolar just not the manic *high swings
o average depressive episode last 6 months
o dysthymic- chronic but milder
• Etiology-
o Biology plays a large factor
o Brain differences
o Genetics
o Depression- rumination, women have higher rates of depression
• Eating Disorders- concerned with body shape
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o Anorexia Nervosa- weight loss (most deadly)→eat less
o Bulimia Nervosa – close to normal weight→ eat more
o Binge Eating Disorder- NOT concerned with body shape, out of control
eating→eat more
• Etiology of Eating Disorders - stress
• Gambling Disorder-
o Only non-substance addiction in the DSM
o Brains look like people who have substance abuse disorder
• Schizophrenia- disturbed thought process
o Symptoms:
â–Ş Delusion- fixed, false belief (presents you with evidence)
• Delusions of grandeur- believes he’s famous/powerful
• Delusions of persecution- believes they’re being
persecuted/watched/followed
â–Ş Hallucinations- a sensory perception that is either not there or grossly
distorted
• Hearing voices, seeing someone that isn’t there
• Can hallucinate all 5 senses (auditory most common then visual)
â–Ş Disorganized Speech and/or Thought
• No transitions
â–Ş Grossly Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior
• Hyper (motorized hair twirling) → Catatonic (sit frozen)
â–Ş Negative Symptoms- absence of normal behaviors
• No expressions (face or voice)
• Tone of voice was flat (flat affect)
o Outcomes- Rule of Quarters (1/4)
â–Ş top ÂĽ can recover and do quite well (hold jobs)
â–Ş bottom ÂĽ- poorly, end up in the hospital permanently
o Onset of Schizophrenia- early adulthood, teens early 20s
o Etiology-
â–Ş Dependent on biology
â–Ş Genetic predisposition
▪ Brain – ventricles (holes in the brain) larger ventricles
â–Ş Neurodevelopmental- if the mother gets the flu, her baby is more likely to
have schizophrenia, certain months, malnutrition
â–Ş Environment/Family- trigger
â–Ş Stress
â–Ş Early use of Marijuana- teen (can permanently decrease IQ by 4-6 pts)
• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder/Related Disorders
o OCD- uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless
behavior
â–Ş Thoughts = obsessions
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
