GEOL 107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Coral Reef, Echo Sounding, Bathymetry

• School: College of Charleston
• Department: Geology and Environmental Geosciences
• Course: GEOL 107
• Professor: Sautter

Document Summary

Ocean floor that lies deeper than 2000 meters below sea level. Submarine volcanoes, sharp peak above ocean surface. Tropical waters - foundation of coral reefs. Submarine volcanoes with flat tops from erosion, underneath ocean surface. Coral reef surrounding guyot in a ring. Magma cools rapidly in a pillow form. Trenches = seamount chains and volcanic islands. Topography - shape of the land (crust) Sound pulse emitted from ship and bounces back. 2 way travel time, a second is the depth. Tow fish = measures side of object. Shows major features - used for shipwrecks. Densities, depths, and thickness of rock layer. Maps the sub bottom layers and features. Bending of sound waves through different densities of rock. Calculation of travel time to determine strata. Newton: all objects with mass are attracted to other objects with mass. Distance from the sea surface to the reference ellipsoid. Variations in sea elevations due to fixed circulation" and intermittent conditions of wind/waves.