BIOL 1260 Lecture 8: Diabetes
2 Dec 2016
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1920: banting read case report of pancreatic duct blockage resulting in destruction of acinar cells but not islet cells. 1921: develop procedure to isolate pancreatic extract called. Isletin insulin: successful treatment of depancreatized dogs with isletin. 1922: administers isletin to kid, then seven cases of treatment published. 1923: nobel prize in medicine types of diabetes. Type i diabetes = insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm: circulating insulin levels = 0, 10% of diabetes cases in us, but cases on the rise 3% per year, symptoms. Thirst, urination, drowsiness, sugar in urine, sudden vision changes, increased appetite, weight loss, sweet odor on breath, heavy breathing, stupor. Type ii diabetes = noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm: 90% cases, usually affects adults >40 largest risk factor is obesity (80% diabetics obese) physiologic and pharmacologic regulations of glucose homeostasis. Ppar-gamma promotes this conversion liver cells: glucose taken up and stored as glycogen. Glucagon promotes the opposite pathway, promotes gluconeogenesis and release of glucose back into blood stream.
