BIOL 0510 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Craig Venter, Start Codon, Allolactose
7 Nov 2016
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In eukaryotes, there is a cap at the end of the mrna that the ribosomes attach to, start translating at the first aug codon. In bacteria, ribosomes can get on at any point of the sequence and start translating. Craig venter: synthesized a complete genome from scratch/nucleotides (>1 million bp) Replaced genome in a parent cell with this synthesized one. Assembled the large fragments of dna in vivo (in yeast) Constitutive: expressed all the time under all growth conditions. Housekeeping genes, cell doesn"t try to regulate them. Facultative: expressed when needed under certain growth conditions. Saves a lot of energy by not making them all the time. Intrinsic controls: built into genome sequence, not easily changed unless by mutation. Promoter sequence close to the consensus recognized by the sigma subunit. Flexibility within that consensus sequence - when it is slightly off, the subunit does not bind as well and affects how well the gene is expressed.
