BIOL 14a Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Genetically Modified Organism, Sticky And Blunt Ends, Intron
16 Nov 2016
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Point mutation by replication error: an error in one round of replication becomes permanent mutation in the next. Breaks in dna backbone (ionizing radiation, x-rays, reactive oxygen species (ros) Alteration of the chemical structure of a base. Crosslinking; extra covalent bonds (chemical agents, uv) Basepair fit in dna pol high fidelity. Dna polymerase refills the gap; ligase seals remaining nick. F: start with phenotype mode of inheritance map genes and pathways clone gene. R: start with gene determine its effects (phenotypes) Create cells carrying one or more copies of the dna fragment you are interested in. Use plasmid (dna) and restriction enzyme cuts on restriction site. Ori, insert insulin exons (no introns) cdna, bacteria promoter, s. m. (selectable marker) Transgenic animals - have dna added to their genomes. Knock-out mice have a loss of function of specific gene null. Stick a dna piece in the middle of another gene integration. Dna ligase, photolyase, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, ber and ner.
