CAS PS 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Cell Nucleus, Superinfection, Beta-Lactamase
15 Sep 2016
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Broad spectrum- targets entire class, used to quickly kill antigen. Drugs effective against prokaryotic or eukaryotic (differ in presence of absence of cell walls, fine structure of ribosomes, details of metabolism)- selective toxicity. Broad spectrum antibiotics: affect broad range of gram and + bacteria- penicillin g. Selective toxicity: lipopolysaccharide outer layer or gram + and porins that form water-filled channels. Broad spectrum: normal microbiota destroyed (usually compete with and check growth of pathogens)-> opportunistic pathogens-> superinfection (growth of target that developed resistence to antibiotic). Bacterium has macromolecular network (peptidoglycan- only in bacterial cell walls)- penicillin and other antibiotics prevent synthesis of intact peptidoglycan-> cell wall weakened and cell underhgoes lysis-> little toxicity for host cell ( no peptidoglycan) Antibiotics: vancomyxin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin (g- injection, v- oral administration) Protein synthesis = feature of all (prokaryotic or eukaryotic-> unlikely for selective. Difference = structure of ribosomes-> eukaryotic-> 80s, prokaryotic-> 70s. Antibiotics: chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, neomycin, azithromycin)
