CAS NE 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Oxidoreductase, Atomic Number, Nuclease
20 Jul 2016
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Document Summary
Nucleus- center of atom with protons and neutrons. Carbon needs 4 electrons in valence shell, will bond with lots of different molecules. Organization of electrons in valence shell determines how molecules are formed. Bonds- depends on electrons in valence shell. Specific bond length, too far=no attraction, too close=nuclei repel. Covalent polar bond: + charge concentrated towards one part of molecule, -- charge towards other end. -the atom with the higher # of protons will attract more electron cloud. Both covalent and noncovalent bonds are needed to form a macromolecule: Covalent phosphodiester bonds to link nucleotides forming the single strand dna. Hydrogen bonds between bases (g-c, a-t) to form the double strand dna. Latch 2 strands together only temporarily with h-bonds for replication purposes. Interaction is guaranteed at all nucleotides residues. Opening of double strand dna: transcribe into mrna. Covalent bond between 2 amino acids in a protein chain = peptide bond.
