CAS BI 107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Vasopressin, Convergent Evolution, Goose Bumps
4 Nov 2016
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Office hours: 5 cummington street room 423 mwf 4-5pm. Anatomical evidence for evolution: example: neck vertebrae. All mammals have 7 vertebrae in the neck regardless of whether it is a giraffe or a human. In nature, bone growth is due to proliferation of cartilage-producing cells called chondrocytes. Developmental: developmental similarities reflect descent from common ancestors, examples: Pharyngeal gill slits: in mammals, they become bones of the inner ear (incus malleus, and stapes) Jaw bones: fossil records have evidence jaw bones transitioned from having quadrate-articular joint only to having both quadrate-articular and dentary-squamosal joints to dentary-squamosal joint only. Modularity: can use the same genes to create different expressions leading to genetic differences. Protein includes heterometry, heterochrony, and heterotopy (review these from previous lecture) Examples of genetic homology: some differences between chordates (humans, frogs, sea squirts, are all chordates) can be due to 1 single gene difference including heart chambers.
