CAS BI 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Human Microbiome Project, Human Microbiota, Biome
30 Apr 2018
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9/23: The Human Micro-biome
•Endosymbiosis - the original form of “outsourcing”
•The idea that Eukaryotes came from Prokaryotes
•Even now, all multicellular organisms share their surfaces with bacteria
•We co-evolved with our microbial friends
•We outsource tasks to them and would not be able to do all our tasks if we were suddenly germ free
•For every human cell in the body, there are 10 microbial cells
What is a Biome?
•Areas of the earth where the environmental factors are similar such that particular groups of species
can survive and thrive
•Biomes/ecosystems are made up of many different species organisms that exist in a tangled
interconnected web
•Climate/Geography/Symbiosis interweave
•Symbiosis - organisms live together and their ability to thrive is based off each other
The diversity of microbial species that live in/on us
•They play a role in influencing -
•Metabolism
•Likelihood of developing diabetes/cardiovascular issues/some forms of cancers
•Behavior
•GI disease
•Allergies
•Autoimmunity
The human micro-biome is incredibly complex
•There are several ecosystems
•Huge difference between the gut micro biome and skin micro biome
•The Gut Micro-biome has 10 trillion individuals belonging to 1000 species
•Ecological factors (living and non-living) determine species survival
•Impossible to predict all the repercussions
•YOU are an ecosystem with species-species interactions and biotic/abiotic factors that influence them
Human Micro-biome Project
•Nose/Mouth/Skin/Gut/Urogenital
Micro-biome Similarities and Differences
•Core Microbiota - all healthy adults share most of the same gut bacterials species
•Samples obtained from 1 individual over time - creates a distinct and stable community with some
deviations
Where do we get our micro-biome?
•Largely established in the first 3 years of life
•1. Where we’ve been
•C-sections (through skin) vs. Vaginal birth (through vaginal canal)
•Skin-to-Skin contact with parents
•Home environment (ex: pets, breast milk)
•2. What we eat
•Diet has an immense impact on micro-biome
•Consuming high-fat, low-fiber foods vs. a low-fat, high-fiber diet for 10 days is sufficient to
induce statistically significant change in micro-biome
•Disruptions in normal microbiota-host interactions are implicated in:
•Obesity
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The diversity of microbial species that live in/on us: they play a role in influencing , metabolism, likelihood of developing diabetes/cardiovascular issues/some forms of cancers, behavior, gi disease, allergies, autoimmunity. Micro-biome similarities and differences: core microbiota - all healthy adults share most of the same gut bacterials species, samples obtained from 1 individual over time - creates a distinct and stable community with some deviations. Where do we get our micro-biome: largely established in the first 3 years of life, 1. Where we"ve been: c-sections (through skin) vs. Vaginal birth (through vaginal canal: skin-to-skin contact with parents, home environment (ex: pets, breast milk, 2. Energy use/storage ex: in mice, transplantation of fecal microbiota from obese mice increases rate of gain in fat tissues. Metabolites from microbes get into the bloodstream and alter energy storage in liver and muscle. All this indicates that microbes may play an active role in directing weight gain!
