NUSCTX 10 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Gallbladder, Hypertension, Abdominal Obesity
1 Nov 2016
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Obesity is an Epidemic with Remarkably Changing Demographics
• Prevalence is increasing in the US and the world
o Increase from 15% (1976-80) to 33% in US adults now
• Becoming an international disease, not just in affluent countries
o Richer people are less obese. Poorer people are more obese. The
poorer you are, the fatter you are.
o 3rd world countries have increasing rate
• Becoming a disease of the youth, not just adults
• Highly related to CVD and diabetes mellitus
• CVD is now the leading cause of death in the world. Correlated with obesity
• Prevalence is higher in lower socio-economic groups in the Western,
developed world – poorer people have higher incidence.
• Prevalence is higher in minority groups in the US
o Some have >70%
• Tremendous increase in young people
o Teen diabetes in SF now more Type Adult, obesity – related) than
Type Juvenile - thin, unrelated to obesity)
o First time in history, children will have shorter life span than parents
• Accelerating increase in 3rd World countries
o Asia, South America, urban Africa, central Europe, etc.
Should Excess Body Weight and Fatness Be Considered a Normal Variant?
• Considered like hair or height?
• No, not a normal variant; you don’t die from hair color or height
Diseases Associated with Overweight/Obesity
• Type 2 Diabetes
o 90% caused from obesity. Increasing in minority populations.
• High Blood Pressure
o Treated with weight loss
• Dyslipidemia
o Low HDL, high cholesterol and triglycerides
• CVD, stroke
• Liver disease (NAFLD)
o 90 million – 100 million
o Not heard of 30 years ago. Rising with obesity rates.
• Cancers (colon, prostate, breast)
• Gall bladder disease
• Reproductive dysfunction (PCOS)
o Abnormal menstrual cycles
• Depression
• Sleep/breathing disturbances
• Cognitive dysfunction Alzheimer’s
Costs of diabetes and obesity threaten the public health budgets of cities.
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Document Summary
Correlated with obesity: prevalence is higher in lower socio-economic groups in the western, developed world poorer people have higher incidence, teen diabetes in sf now more type (cid:884) (cid:523)(cid:498)adult(cid:499), obesity related) than. Should excess body weight and fatness be considered a normal variant: considered like hair or height, no, not a normal variant; you don"t die from hair color or height. Diseases associated with overweight/obesity: type 2 diabetes, 90% caused from obesity. Rising with obesity rates: depression, sleep/breathing disturbances, cognitive dysfunction (cid:523)alzheimer"s(cid:524) Costs of diabetes and obesity threaten the public health budgets of cities. Cardiovascular disease risk factors: high blood pressure, high cholesterol (ldl, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, clotting alterations, cigarette smoking. T2 diabetes, cvd, nonalcoholic fatty liver, etc: colon cancer is caused by overweight/obesity + sedentary lifestyle. It ends up in muscles and liver and other organs. It is the capacity to do aerobic work.
