INTEGBI 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Neuroglia, Axon Hillock, Axon Terminal

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6 Jan 2020

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Cns : brain (cranium) & spinal cord (vertebral canal) Pns : [^cranial & spinal^] nerves & ganglia (clusters of neuronal cell bodies located outside of the cns) Sensory (afferent/toward cns) signals- from sensory receptors > pns > cns. Sensory input pns > integration (cns) -pns > motor output. Motor (efferent) signals- from cns > pns >innervate muscles (contract) or glands (secrete) Integration: processes & interprets sensory input > makes decisions/decide response by activating effector organs (muscles or glands) to produce motor output response. P. 164 nerve: collection of nerve fibers (v) in pns. Neurons : excitatory cells / basic structural unit of ns. Conduct electrical impulses throughout body, along plasma membrane (travel as nerve. Most cannot divide mitotically (except some sc & neuroglial cells, see below v ) High metabolic rate (require lots of o2 & glucose / neurons die 5 minutes w/o!) Cell body: has plasma membrane that receives signals, nucleus, cytoplasm,

Related Questions

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

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INTEGBI 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Neuroglia, Axon Hillock, Axon Terminal

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