CHEM 1A Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Orbital Hybridisation, Nuclear Shell Model, Atomic Orbital

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6 Apr 2016
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Properties of molecules depend on the location of electrons. However, the location of electrons in atoms and molecules cannot be known unequivocally. Instead, chemists describe the location of electrons in terms of regions of three-dimensional space within which electrons reside, or may be found with a high probability. For individual atoms, these regions are called atomic orbitals. Overlap between an atomic orbital of one atom with an atomic orbital of another atom describes formation of a covalent bond. In the case of molecules consisting of more than just two atoms, molecular shapes suggest that the most probable location of electrons is no longer in atomic orbitals. Instead, chemists propose that the electrons in atoms rearrange into hybrid orbitals. The hybrid orbital model is consistent with the shapes of molecules predicted by the vsepr model. It also correctly accounts for restricted rotations around carbon carbon double bonds.

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